DNA Structure
What is the shape of the DNA molecule often described as?
Double helix.
What is the primary function of DNA?
Storage of genetic information.
Who proposed the double helix structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick.
What is the process called when DNA is used as a template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA)?
Translation.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides.
During which cellular process is DNA replicated?
Cell division.
Who provided X-ray diffraction data that contributed to the understanding of DNA's structure?
Rosalind Franklin.
Which cellular process uses mRNA to synthesize proteins?
Translation
How long is the total length of DNA in each human cell when unraveled?
Approximately 2 meters (6.6 feet).
How many types of nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?
Four
What is the first step of protein synthesis?
Transcription
In what year was the double helix structure of DNA proposed?
1953.
What is the term for the regulation of when and how genes are expressed?
Gene expression
What percentage of human DNA is identical among individuals?
99.9%.
What holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
What controls when and how genes are expressed?
Regulatory mechanisms such as transcription factors and epigenetic modifications.
Who collaborated with Watson and Crick in their research on DNA?
Maurice Wilkins.
What is the main function of DNA in cells?
Carrying genetic instructions.
How old is DNA as the genetic material?
Over 3.5 billion years.
What are the two components of the DNA backbone?
Sugar and phosphate group
What is the basis of heredity?
DNA
What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to study DNA's structure?
X-ray crystallography.
How does DNA contribute to the inheritance of traits?
DNA is passed down from parents to offspring, contributing to the traits of individuals.
How much data can one gram of DNA store?
Up to 215 petabytes (or 215 million gigabytes) of data.