Resource management
Why does the UK import so much food?
Demand for out of season products
Food is cheaper to produce abroad
UK climate is unsuitable for certain foods, like cocoa, tea and bananas
People want exoitc produce like pineapples
Name a type of fossil fuel that could be exploited to improve energy security in the UK
Fracking
What are the causes of growth in population in an UK city?
Internal migration - rural to urban
International - Eastern European
Natural increase
What are the causes of growth in population in an LIC/NEE city?
Natural increase - more births than deaths (lots of young people moving to cities)
Migration - people moving into cities from rural areas
Why is GNI not a good indicator for development?
GNI doesn't show inequality within the population. GNI is only a indicator of wealth not health or education.
UK wants to produce more food locally to reduce food miles and dependency on other countries. What two farming methods is producing local food?
Agribusiness- intensive large scale farming, that uses pesticides and fertiliser
Organic farming- no use of chemicals high labour costs
Name a appropriate scheme to provide energy in a lower income area
Chambamontera Peru, Micro-hydro scheme
Name a social opportunity of change in London
Cultural diversity- Notting hill carnival, Borough market etc
Name a social challenge of rapid urbanisation in Rio
Growth of slum settlements (favelas Rochina)
Shortage in electricity (blackouts common)
Shortage of education and healthcare in Favelas
What three indicators make up HDI and why is it a more reliable measure of development?
HDI is made up of a health indicator (Life expectancy) Economic (GNI per capita) and education (mean years of schooling)
HDI uses three development indicator types, creating indices. This is more accurate and reliable than just using one
How can we solve the issues of water deficit and water stress in the south east of the UK?
Water transfer- moving water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit.
What factors can affect energy supply?
Costs of exploitation
Physical factors - geology of the area (only get coal, oil and gas in certain rock formation)
Political factors
Technology
Climate - solar and wind only work in certain conditions
Name an economic opportunity of urban change?
Change to tertiary industry - in finance and services tend to be higher paying financial jobs
Name an economic challenge of urbanisation in Rio?
Many cant find work and end up in the informal sector (cash in hand is insecure)
Narrow streets and lack of transport make travelling to work in Favelas difficult
High inequality
Name an economic benefit of Shell in Nigeria?
Shell generates jobs in Oil extraction and refinery. This generates 66,000 jobs for Nigerians, and therefore leads to the multiplier effect.
How has the UK's energy mixed changed since 1990?
Reduced dependence on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. Increase in renewables and nuclear power.
Name some impacts of energy insecurity?
May cause exploitation of energy in sensitive environmental areas (Arctic)
Impacts food production
Impacts efficiency of Industry
Potential for conflict - If one country has a big share of energy source they can control prices.
Name an environmental impact of urban change in a UK city?
Air pollution - 4000 deaths per year in London due to air pollution
Name an environmental challenge of rapid urbanisation in Rio?
Air pollution (from industry) kills 5,000 a day
waterways contaminated with sewage and other waste.
Name an environmental disadvantage of Shell in Nigeria.
Oil pipelines have leaked gallons of oil into the Niger Delta, leading to water pollution destroying habitat and killing fish. This has affected the fishing industry in Nigeria.
How can we managed water stress in the UK?
Recycle and reuse water
More efficient appliances
The use of water meters
How can we better conserve energy and be more sustainable with our energy?
Utilising renewable sources like solar and wind
energy efficient appliances
insulation in housing
LED lights
triple glazing
Name an urban regeneration scheme in the London and list some benefits?
Stratford - Olympic legacy
between a 1/3 and 1/2 of all new homes built will be affordable housing.
New academy school built and sports facilities to used for schooling and public purposes
Environmental quality improved with more greenspaces created (River Lea improved)
Name an example of urban planning in an LIC/NEE
Favela Bairro project
Residents provided with building materials to replace unsafe homes.
transport routes extended into favelas (Cable cart)
Pacification - police tackle the issue of crime and drug gangs in favelas
How has aid from the UK, World bank and USA helped close the development gap in Nigera?
UK has give over 300 million in aid, this has been invested into education on the spread of HIV in rural areas of Nigeria.
Anti- mosquito nets have been distributed to households to prevent the spread of Malaria.
USA has provided support packages for orphans and homeless children.
World bank has invested 500 million providing loans to small businesses.