Anatomy
How many cranial nerves are involved in swallowing?
6
Which mandible muscle elevates the mandible to close the mouth? a) Masseter b) Temporalis c) medial pterygoid muscle
a) Massester
Which lip muscle is responsible for lip seal, containing bolus in mouth, closing/opening/protruding and twisting the lips?
Orbicularis Oris muscle (CN 7; facial)
What's the name of the space between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis called?
Valleculae
which rigid cartilage is important during the act of swallowing? at rest it has no function and it rests against the base of the tongue and is attached to the hyoid bone and thyroid notch.
Epiglottis
What is the entire act of eating from placing food/liquid in mouth to stomach?
Deglutition
The boundary between the pharynx and esophagus?
a) Upper esophageal sphincter
b) Lower esophageal sphincter
Upper esophageal sphincter
Space between the inferior constrictor muscle and the sides of the thyroid cartilage?
Pyriform Sinus
TRUE OR FALSE
Does the Upper esophageal segment remain in a tonic state (closed) when not used and relaxes (opens) during the swallow to allow the bolus to pass?
TRUE
How many stages of swallowing are there?
4
A bacterial infection that results from aspiration of material that are pathogenic to the lungs.
Aspiration Pneumonia
What are the 4 different stages of swallowing?
1) Oral Preparatory
2) Oral Stage
3) Pharyngeal Stage
4) Esophageal Stage
Which is the only volitional swallowing stage?
Oral preparatory
What are the 3 levels of airway protection?
1) true vocal folds
2) arytenoids, base of epiglottis and false vocal folds
3) Epiglottis & Aryepiglottic folds
True or False
SLPs can diagnose esophageal disorders but not oral-pharyngeal disorders.
FALSE
-we can only diagnose oral-pharyngeal disorders, not esophageal disorders.
What are some serious complications of Dysphagia?
*Aspiration Pneumonia
*Weight loss and malnutrition
*Dehydration
*Scarred/damaged lungs
*Digestive tears
TRUE or FALSE
Aspiration is when the bolus/material passes through the vocal folds into the esophagus.
False, through the vocal folds into the trachea
Which phase is the bolus propelled to the back of the mouth?
Oral Phase
Which phase begins as the bolus reaches the tonsils and pharyngeal swallow reflex is triggered?
Phayrngeal Phase
Bolus is propelled through the esophagus by an involuntary wave or contraction?
Esophageal phase
What are the 6 different cranial nerves involved in swallowing?
1) Trigeminal (CN 5)
2) Facial (CN 7)
3) GlossoPharyngeal (CN 9)
4) Vagus (CN 10)
5) Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN 11)
6) Hypoglossal (CN 12)
what is it called when food moves below the vocal folds into the airways?
Aspiration
Which Cheek muscle helps compress the bolus against the teeth, flattens and retracts?
The Buccinator muscle (CN 7)
TRUE or FALSE; the intrinsic muscles are housed entirely within the tongue. Extrinsic muscles originate on structures outside the tongue and insert into it (except palatoglossus)
TRUE
How many pharyngeal constrictor muscles are there? extra 300 points if guesses the names.
3
1) Superior constrictor
2) medial constrictor
3) Inferior Constrictor