Cancer Biology
This process of programmed cell death is often disrupted in cancer cells
What is Apoptosis?
This racial group in the U.S. has the highest overall cancer mortality rate
Who are African Americans?
This common cancer treatment uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells
What is radiotherapy?
This habit is the leading preventable cause of cancer worldwide
What is smoking?
This simple screening test can detect colorectal cancer and precancerous polyps
What is a colonoscopy?
This tumor suppressor gene, often called the "guardian of the genome," is mutated in many cancers
What is P53?
This socioeconomic factor is strongly associated with cancer disparities and affects access to healthcare
What is income or poverty?
This type of targeted therapy uses antibodies to attack specific proteins on cancer cells
What is immunotherapy?
This type of experiment uses live organisms as model systems
What is In Vivo?
This vitamin, when obtained through sun exposure, may help reduce the risk of several cancers
What is Vitamin D?
This hallmark of cancer describes the ability of tumor cells to grow freely without the need for-------?
What are growth signals?
This type of cancer has significantly higher mortality rates among African American women compared to white women
What is breast cancer?
This treatment approach combines two or more types of therapy to improve efficacy
What is multimodal therapy?
This virus is responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases
What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?
This type of diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, is associated with lower cancer risk
What is the Mediterranean diet?
This type of mutation changes a proto-oncogene into an oncogene, leading to increased cell division
What is a gain-of-function mutation?
This cultural factor can contribute to cancer disparities by affecting communication with healthcare providers
What is language barrier or limited English proficiency?
This emerging cancer treatment involves editing a patient's genes to fight the disease
What is gene therapy?
This statistical measure is used to compare genetic mutations between populations and view trends among groups
What are heatmaps?
This cancer screening method uses radioactive sugars to visualize cellular activity and search for abnormal activity
What is a PET scan?
This enzyme breaks down the ECM, allowing a cancer to migrate from its original location
What is Matrix Metalloprotease (MMP)?
This term describes the complex interplay of social, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to health disparities
What are social determinants of health?
Name three kinds of cancer immunotherapies
What is cellular therapy, immunomodulators, oncolytic virus therapy, monoclonal antibody treatment, cancer vaccine?
This type of model organism shares 60% gene homology with humans and is used in cancer research
What is the drosophila/fruit fly?
Microplastics such as ____ (name at least 2) should be avoided because they can cause cancer, infertility, CVD, and stroke, among other diseases
What are phthalates, bisphenol A (BPAs), perfluoroalkyl, and polyfluoroalkyl substances?