Animal reproduction
What is the male gamete called?
sperm
What is the control center of a cell?
The nucleus
What is variation in animals?
Differences among individuals of the same species.
What are the seven different food groups?
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water.
What is a unicellular organism?
An organism consisting of only one cell.
What is the process where the male and female gametes fuse called?
fertilization
What are the tiny structures within cells that carry out specialized functions called?
organelles
Give an example of an inherited variation in humans
eye color
What is the main function of proteins in the diet?
Growth and repair
Give an example of a unicellular organism
Bacteria
Name one example of an animal that uses external fertilization
frogs
Name the process by which cells divide to form new cells
mitosis
What is natural selection?
The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
What is the process of breaking down food into smaller pieces called?
Digestion
How do yeast cells reproduce?
Asexually through a process called budding.
What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a sperm and an egg.
What is the gel-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles?
cytoplasm
How did the Industrial Revolution affect peppered moths in England?
The pollution caused trees to darken, and darker moths were better camouflaged and survived more than lighter ones.
Name the organ where most nutrient absorption takes place.
Small intestine
What is the primary function of mitochondria in unicellular organisms?
To produce energy through cellular respiration.
What is the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces genetically diverse offspring.
What is the difference between plant and animal cells in terms of structure?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.
What is the difference between inherited variation and environmental variation?
Inherited variation is passed down through genes, while environmental variation is influenced by external factors like climate and diet.
Describe peristalsis.
The contracting and relaxing of the oesophagus muscles to move food towards the stomach.
How do bacteria benefit the human gut?
They help digest food, synthesize vitamins, and protect against harmful bacteria.