Medicine
Penicillin
A French biologist and chemist who developed pasteurization, and vaccines and advanced the germ theory of disease.
Louis Pasteur
The scientific theory that microorganisms cause many diseases, revolutionizing medicine and leading to advancements in hygiene and sterilization.
Germ Theory
A deadly infectious disease that was eradicated through vaccination, historically a significant cause of death and disfigurement.
Smallpox
A substance that prevents the growth of disease-causing microorganisms, introduced by Joseph Lister in the 19th century to reduce surgical infections.
Antiseptic
The use of drugs or other methods to prevent during surgery, revolutionized surgical procedures in the 19th century.
Anesthesia
Known as the "Father of Medicine, " he was an ancient Greek physician who established the Hippocratic Oath and emphasized the importance of observation and diagnosis.
Hippocrates
An ancient Greek medical concept that health is maintained by a balance of four bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.
Humoral Theory
A term for a highly infectious disease that can cause widespread illness and death, mostly the Black Death in the 14th century.
Plague
The science and practice of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, disease prevention and health policies.
Public Health
The period of medical advancement during the Renaissance, was marked by a revival of scientific inquiry and anatomical study.
Renaissance Medicine
A prominent Greek physician in Rome. He contributed to anatomy, psychology, and medical theory.
Galen
A pre-modern belief that diseases were caused by "bad air" or miasmas, often associated with decay and poor sanitation.
Miasma Theory
A pioneering nurse who established modern nursing practices and emphasized sanitation and compassionate care during the 19th century.
Florence Nightingale
Blood-sucking worms were used in ancient medieval medicine for bloodletting and to treat various ailments.
Leeches
The practice of healing and medical treatments in ancient civilizations, was often based on spiritual beliefs, herbal remedies, and rudimentary surgical procedures.
Ancient Medicine
William Harvey
The theory or practice of isolating individuals or groups to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, historically used during outbreaks like the Black Death.
Quarantine
A 16th-century Flemish anatomist known for his detained study of human anatomy.
Andreas Vesalius
An ancient medical practice in which blood was drawn from a patient to cure or prevent illness, based on a belief that it balanced the humors
Bloodletting
The practice of medicine during the Middle Ages, was heavily influenced by religion and the teachings of Galen, often involving superstitious practices and limited scientific knowledge.
Medieval Medicine
An English Physician who developed the first smallpox vaccine in 1796.
Edward Jenner
A form of electromagnetic radiation used to view the inside of the body.
X-ray
An ethical code attributed to Hippocrates that outlines the duties and responsibilities of physicians, emphasizing ethics and patient care.
Hippocratic oath
A historical term for a medical professional who prepared and sold medicine and drugs, similar to a modern-day pharmacist.
Apothecary