Evidence
What are the 3 types of evidence?
Inclusive, exclusive, and indeterminate.
Definition of Admissibility
Qualities being accepted as evidence in a court of law that are reliable and relevant
What is the definition of precedent?
A past action or event that is used as a guide for a future decision.
What is the difference between inculpatory and exculpatory evidence?
Inculpatory evidence tends to includes, exculpatory evidence excludes.
What is deductive reasoning?
Basing an inference on known facts.
What is transfer evidence?
Some type of exchange between 2 materials.
Who decides if scientific evidence is admissible?
The court and judges
Why is it important to determine if evidence is admissible or not?
To ensure only reliable, relevent and scientifically proven evidence is used in court.
The definition of direct evidence
Information that establishes directly, without the need for further inference, the fact for which information is offered.
What is inductive reasoning?
The use of existing data to make predictions and generalizations.
What is an example of testimonial evidence?
A witness testifying in a case
How does the rules of evidence help Judges in court.
Helps assist Judges in making critical admissibility decisions
What is the Frye Method?
Used to determine the admissibility of evidence and expert testimony.
What are examples of direct evidence?
Eyewitness testimony, photograph, forensic identification of a powder and an illegal drug.
What is abductive reasoning?
Gathering what is know and using this to come up with the simplest and most likely information.
What is an example of physical evidence?
A gun being left at a gun scene, raw material needed for forensic scientists.
How is admissibility used in court of law?
Used as evidence for the jury to consider when deciding the case
What is the role of a gatekeeper in law?
The gatekeeper ensures that all evidence and experts are deemed admissible.
How can DNA be circumstantial?
DNA results can be part of a much larger picture. Even if DNA connects somebody with a scene other factors must be considered. For example if that person lives there, works there or goes there regularly.
Why is abductive reasoning the most commonly used in criminal investigations?
It is integrative reasoning and offers the most reasonable explanation based on what is known.
What is Locard's exchange principle?
Every contact leaves a trace.
What admissibility or inadmissibility of trial information is determined by the courts rule of evidence?
Eyewitness testimony,Photographs,Physical objects, and DNA
What are the 3 cases of the Daubert trilogy?
Daubert, G.E. v Joiner, and Kumho Tire v Carmichael.
How is circumstantial evidence useful?
It's the basis for which additional information can be inferred.
Give an example of integrating abductive and deductive reasoning.
A good example.