Water Pollution
any single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged, such as a pipe, ditch, ship or factory smokestack
point source pollution
Grouting of a well refers to what?
Filling or sealing the outside casing to prevent contamination.
Explain how deforestation causes soil erosion.
On higher slopes it allows heavy rain to sweep exposed topsoil down, and what is left isn’t fertile.
decertification definition
the process of turning into a dessert (sahel)
Which biome has the largest diversity of plants and animals?
Tropical Rain Forest
a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.
reservoir
What is a sieve-like device with holes or other openings small enough to allow water to pass into the well but keep sediment out?
Well screen
Explain how soil quality is diminished by deforestation.
Without trees, water can’t transpire from them so water evaporates from soil.
Causes of overgrazing?
too much livestock
all vegetation is eaten
ground susceptible to wind and water erosion
Which biome has many types of grass and very few trees?
Grassland
A natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.
River
In an artificial gravel-pack well, the formation material around the well screen is:
Removed and replaced with coarser material.
Why is there less rainfall due to deforestation?
There is no transpiration from trees and evaporation from the soil is slower.
Causes of overcultivation?
farming too intensively
no fallow periods
all nutrients lost.
Which biome has plants and animals that have adapted to survive during long periods with little water?
Desert
An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well.
Aquifer
What are the size of the openings on a well screen called?
Slot size
How does deforestation affect the atmosphere?
With less trees, less CO2 is removed from the atmosphere. When cut trees are burnt or left to decay, they release CO2.
Causes flash floods?
intense periods of rainfall erode topsoil
Which biome has trees that change colors and loose their leaves in the winter?
Temperate Deciduous Forest
A substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource.
pollutant
The large majority of the well screens in the bottom of the wells are made of what type of material?
stainless steel
What does ‘slash and burn’ mean in reference to forest management?
Cutting and burning a small area of forest, then growing crops there as the ash makes the soil fertile. Then when it becomes infertile, leaving it to regenerate.
Causes of wind?
wind erosion increases
Which biome has grasses and flowers, but NO trees?
Tundra