Atoms, Ions and Bonding
Metals vs non-metals. Physical vs chemical.
Acids and Bases
Reactions
100
What is the positive part of the atom called?
a) Neutron b) Electron c) Proton
c) Proton
100
What side of the periodic table are the non-metals found?
The right side (+ hydrogen)
100
Universal indicator is added to vinegar (an acid), what colour will it turn?
Orange or red
100
Name any reactants in this equation.
Sodium + water --> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Sodium and water
200
What is an atoms goal in life? AKA why does it lose or gain electrons to become an ion?
To get a full outershell of electrons, so it can be stable.
200
What type of change is going on here? Physical or chemical. How do you know?
Chemical - it is not reversible, the apple will change in taste and smell, because its chemical make up is changing.
200
1. What type of ions does a base have more of?
2. What type of ions does an acid have more of?
OH- (hydroxide ions) or H+ (hydrogen ions)
1. Hydroxide ions: OH-
2. Hydrogen ions: H+
200
What has to happen between particles for a reaction to happen?
They must collide with each other
300
Which of these ions would be attracted to an Na+ (sodium) ion?
a) Mg2+ b) Cl- c) K+ d) Ca2+ e) O2-
b) Cl- and e) O2-
300
What type of change is going on here? Chemical or physical? Explain how you know.
Physical - nothing new is being made, sugar is being mixed into coffee, but it is still sugar and coffee. The two are not reacting to make something different.
300
Draw what a concentrated solution looks like, compared to a dilute solution.
300
If you slowly add sodium hydroxide (base) to hydrochloric acid (acid) in a neutralisation reaction, what will happen to its pH? What colour change would you notice if it had universal indicator in it?
It will start out red and with a pH of about 1. As sodium hydroxide is added, the colour will change from red to orange to yellow to green. Once it is green, its pH has increased to 7 which is neutral (water has been made). H+ + OH- --> H2O
400
What type of bond is going on in CO2 (carbon dioxide) - ionic or covalent?
Covalent bond
Carbon and oxygen are both non-metals, so they share electrons.
400
Which of these are characteristics of a non-metal?
a) Shiny
b) Bad conductor of heat and electricity
c) Brittle (breaks easily)
d) Can be turned into wire
e) Dull (not shiny)
b, c and e (Bad conductor, brittle and dull)
400
Ammonia is basic. What colour would...
1. Phenolphthalein turn when added to ammonia?
2. Litmus paper turn when dipped into ammonia?
1. Phenolphthalein would turn pink
2. Litmus paper would turn (or stay) blue
400
What are the reactants in a reaction that has the products - salt, water and carbon dioxide?
a) Metal + acid
b) Metal carbonate + acid
c) Metal hydroxide + acid
b) Metal carbonate + acid
500
A sulfur ion has a charge of -2. Using its atomic number below, work out how many protons and how many electrons a sulfur ion has.
16 protons (atomic number = number of protons)
18 electrons (it has gained 2 more electrons, making it negative overall by 2)
500
Metals want to ______ electrons, this makes them ________
Non-metals want to _______ electrons, this makes them ________
Metals want to lose electrons, this makes them positive
Non-metals want to gain electrons, this makes them negative
500
Acid rain happens when gases combine with water to make sulfuric and nitric acid, making the rain more acidic than usual. Name 3 issues that this can cause.
- Harms insects and aquatic life
- Damages building and sculptures
- Takes nutrients out of soil that trees and plants need
500
Balance this equation:
Zn + HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
(zinc + hydrochloric acid --> zinc chloride + hydrogen)
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2