Topic 1
Two strands of DNA are combined through these
What is hydrogen-bonded base pairs?
The variable component of an amino acid
What is the R group/side chain?
The area of the protein that binds the ligand
What is the binding site/pocket?
A highly condensed form of chromatin
What is heterochromatin?
A specialized structure within a cell that carries out specific functions and often is enclosed by a membrane
What is an organelle?
This level of protein structure consists of alpha helices and beta sheets
What is the secondary level?
An enzyme that removes a phosphate
What is a protein phosphatase?
Compact, round proteins that carry out specific biological processes
What are globular proteins?
Adenine and guanine are this type of base
What is a purine?
The removal of water to create peptide bonds
What is dehydration synthesis?
Non-protein compounds that are required for the functioning of an enzyme
What are co-enzymes?
Stretches of conserved gene order in chromosomes
What is synteny?
Homologous genes found in different species
What are orthologs?
Lysine, arginine, and histidine are grouped into this amino acid family
The most common protein binding interface
What is surface-surface protein binding?
Bacterial RNA polymerase requires this to recognize bacterial gene promoters
What is sigma factor?
The biological principle named after scientists who proposed that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein
What is the central dogma?
This amino acid is known as the "alpha helix breaker"
What is proline?
When the allosteric site is bound, the active site becomes less favorable to the binding of the substrate
What is negative feedback?
DNA replication in eukaryotes takes place during this part of the cell cycle
What is S phase?