Enter Title

What is it?

100

What is GDM? What causes it?

A type of diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy, caused by insulin resistance from placental hormones.

200

What is LADA? And what is it often called?

A form of autoimmune diabetes with features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, often called ‘Type 1.5 diabetes.

Risk factors

100

What is a risk factor for LADA?

• Lifestyle: Some lifestyle risk factors overlap with T2DM, such as smoking, high BMI, and consumption of sweetened beverages.
• Risk Factors for LADA: Family history of autoimmune diseases, lower BMI, and poor glycaemic control despite good compliance with oral medications.

200

What are two risk factors for gestational diabetes?

• Are over 40 years of age.
• Have a family history of type 2 diabetes, especially in a first-degree relative (mother or sister).
• Are overweight or obese.
• Belong to high-risk ethnic groups such as First Nations, African, Melanesian, Polynesian, South Asian, Chinese, Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern, and Hispanic backgrounds.
• Have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), have had a large baby in the past (over 4.5kg), or are using certain medications (e.g., antipsychotics or steroids).
• GDM can also occur in women without any of these known risk factors.

Diagnosis

100

How is GDM diagnosed?

Through an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.

200

What is the primary test used to diagnose LADA?

Autoantibody testing, particularly GADA.

Management

100

What lifestyle intervention is key in managing gestational diabetes?

Dietary management and regular exercise.

200

True or False - In LADA adults typically require insulin in the first 6 months after diagnosis

False - adults, typically doesn’t require insulin in the first 6 months after diagnosis. 

Complications

100

What complication can affect babies born to mothers with GDM?

Babies born to mothers with GDM have a higher risk of macrosomia (large size), neonatal hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress, and preterm birth .

200

What are two key differences between LADA and type 2 diabetes?

LADA is autoimmune, while type 2 diabetes is not. LADA patients are positive for autoantibodies, while type 2 diabetes patients are not.