Definitions
This term describes the design or plan in the author's mind, and "has obvious affinities for the attitude toward his work, the way he felt, what made him write." (page 469)
What is intention?
This professor is quoted in the paper to emphasize that poems are not created by chance: "The words of a poem emerge from a mind, not from a hat." (page 469)
Who is Professor Stoll?
The authors of this article are...
Who are W. K. Wimsatt Jr. and M. C. Beardsley?
The last sentence of the paper: "Critical inquiries are not settled by consulting the oracle." (page 487)
What is the concept that the meaning of a work of art must be derived from the text itself, not from the author's personal statements or intentions.
This term refers to the error of using an author's purpose or design to evaluate a work of literature. (page 468)
What is intentional fallacy?
This theorist of expression is quoted in the paper saying "Aesthetic art is the conscious objectification of feelings". (page 467-77)
Who is Professor Curt Ducasse?
This article was published in the year ... by ...
What is in 1946 by The Johns Hopkins University Press?
*Is this article reliable? Why?
“Judging a poem is like judging a pudding or a machine. One demands that it work.” (page 469)
The argument that just as we evaluate a pudding or a machine based on its effectiveness and functionality, so too should we evaluate poetry based on its own merits rather than the author’s intent.
Wimsatt and Beardsley classify this type of evidence as found within the work itself, such as its semantics and structure, and argue it should be the critic’s focus. (page 477)
What is internal evidence?
This author posed three critical questions for evaluating literary works: “(1) What did the author intend to achieve? (2) Was the plan logical and sensible, and (3) how effectively was it executed?”
Who is Goethe?
The main argument of this article. (page 468)
What is “The design or intention of the author is neither available nor desirable as a standard for judging the success of a work of literary art."
*How is the main thesis of the argument signalled in the text?
"The poem belongs to the public." (page 470)
What is the idea that a poem as a piece of art is separate from the authority of the author and the critics, allowing for multiple interpretations of the text.
*Do you agree with this? Why/why not?
This term, borrowed from philosophy, refers to the aesthetic idea that the beauty or value of a work is found in the successful expression of the artist’s intuition. (page 472)
What is intuition-expression?
This philosopher expressed skepticism about poets' understanding of their own works, suggesting that poets may not always have conscious control over their creations: "Then I knew that not by wisdom do poets write poetry, but by a sort of genius and inspiration." (page 474)
Who is Socrates?
This historical perspective, criticized by Wimsatt and Beardsley, emphasizes the poet's inner emotions and personal experiences as key to understanding poetry. (page 473)
What is Romantic criticism?
This scholar is referenced for arguing that a poem should be viewed as a "system of norms extracted from every individual experience", emphasizing that understanding a poem's meaning does not necessitate knowing the author's personal influences. Aka the poem is separate from the poet. (page 471)
Who is Professor Welleck?