Napoleonic Period
When Napoleon became emperor of France in 1804, he shocked onlookers by doing THIS during the crowning ceremony - a total break with historical precedent.
Crowned himself, instead of the pope crowning him
He was a leading Enlightenment thinker, Founding Father of the United States and author of the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
The Free Market economic system which has dominated Western Civilization (and now much of the world) for the past 200 years is often referred to by THIS, its other name
Capitalism
This March 5, 1770 event involved British soldiers firing upon an unruly American crowd - killing 5 - who were taunting them with insults and threats as well as pelting them with snowballs and rocks
The Boston Massacre
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when ___________ nailed 95 theses to a _________ door in Wittenberg, Germany.
Martin Luther, Cathedral
Coalitions
Sir Isaac Newton
This Social Contract philosopher argued that once a people agreed to form a society (A "Social Contract"), only one force could be supreme, and it came 100% from the group members themselves. He called this force "The _____ ______ "
General Will
This temporary body - established in Philadelphia in 1774 - governed the American colonies throughout the whole Revolutionary War, and was populated by well known Founders like Washington, Jefferson and Adams
The Continental Congress
Jesus Christ lived during THIS period of Western history
The Classical (Roman Empire)
On the one hand, Napoleon wiped away many of the French Revolution's gains (democracy, abolishing slavery, increased rights for Women). On the other hand, he took full advantage of other changes. Can you name ONE?
-Advent of Meritocracy
-Abolishment of Nobility
-Full national mobilization "Levee en masse"
His book, Common Sense, circulated through the American colonies between 1775-1776. It was a leading factor in Americans pushing the Continental Congress to declare independence the following July
Thomas Paine
Johannes Kepler's discovery that the planets in the Solar System revolved around the Sun in ____________ orbits, NOT perfectly round ones, was a symbolic turning point from Renaissance idealism to the experimentation-only-based methodology of the Scientific Revolution.
Elliptical
About 1/4 - 1/3 of the American population DID NOT support the Revolution, and remained pro-British. Although they were sometimes mistreated - even violently on a few occasions - they never suppressed, jailed or executed like counterrevolutionaries in the French Revolution.
Loyalists
These FOUR European nations conquered the largest colonial empires in the Americas by the 1700s
Spain, Portugal, England, France
This 1815 battle spelled the final end of Napoleon. It has since been used to describe the "last stand" of a person's career.
Waterloo
Marie Antoinette
These coffee-house style meeting spaces - often managed by educated women - were the places where intellectual philosophers generated, discussed and disseminated key ideas of the Enlightenment.
Salons
This Social Contract philosopher was the MOST influential on the American Founders and the American Founding Documents (Declaration of Independence, Constitution, Bill of Rights)
John Locke
This economic system preceded Capitalism. Trade, resources and colonies were highly controlled by nation state governments who saw the world as a "zero sum game" of competition.
Mercantilism
St. Helena
This English economist's book, the Wealth of Nations is often considered the "Bible" of Capitalism
Adam Smith
Rousseau
The "Shot Heard Round the World" was fired April 19, 1775 at THIS Massachusetts battle right outside Boston.
Lexington
Tennis Court Oath