Types of Memory
The system for long-term storage of conscious memories that can be verbally described.
Explicit memory.
Once memories are activated, they need to be
consolidated again for long-term storage. This process is called:
Reconsolidation.
When a person is in the same context where the information was learned, the environment provides cues that aid access to the information.
Context-dependent memory.
The inability to access a memory from long-term storage.
Forgetting.
The changing of memories over time so that they become consistent with our current beliefs or attitudes.
Memory bias.
A type of explicit memory that includes personal experiences.
Episodic memory.
A process by which immediate memories become lasting through long-term storage
Consolidation.
Like the environment, when our internal states are the same during both encoding and retrieval, the situation can provide cues that enhance memory.
State-dependent memory.
When access to older memories is impaired by newer memories.
Retroactive interference.
Occurs due to memory bias, flashbulb memories, misattribution, suggestibility, and false memories.
Distortion
A type of explicit memory that includes knowledge about the world.
Semantic memory.
Anything that helps a person access information in long-term storage.
Retrieval cue.
When access to newer memories is impaired by older memories.
Proactive interference.
These vivid memories seem like a flash photo, capturing the circumstances in which we first learned of a surprising and consequential or emotionally arousing event.
Flashbulb memories.
The system for long-term storage of unconscious memories that cannot be verbally described.
Implicit memory.
Learning aids or strategies that use retrieval cues to improve access to memory.
Mnemonics.
Occurs because of interference from words that are similar in some way, such as in sound or meaning, and that are repeatedly experienced.
Blocking.
Occurs when we misremember the time, place, person, or circumstances involved with a memory.
Misattribution.
A type of implicit memory that involves motor skills and behavioral habits.
Procedural memory.
A mnemonic of associating items you want to remember with a physical location you already know.
Method of loci.
The inattentive or shallow encoding of events.
Absentmindedness.
When people are given misleading information, this information affects their memory for an event.
Suggestibility.