metabolism
first law of thermodynamics
energy can be transferred or transformed it cannot be created or destroyed
what are the 3 stages of cellular respiration
1. glycosis
2. citric acid (krebs)
3. oxidative phosphroylation
what is the difference between paracrine and autocrine signaling mechanisms
paracrine signaling the target is nearby the cell
autocrine signaling the target is within the same cell
What are chromosomes
chromosomes are packages of DNA molecules that include the DNA and histone proteins
what are the specific ______ where the cycle stops in the cell cycle
checkpoints
Ea
initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction
what chemical reactions transfer electrons
reduction-oxidation reactions (REDOX)
what is quorum sensing
quorum sensing is when the concentration of signaling molecules allows bacteria to sense local population density
what happens in prophase
chromosomes condense and the nucleolus disappears
what process occurs during the M phase in the cell cycle
mitosis
metabolism
totality of an organisms chemical reactions
What molecules and how many of them are produced during the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs cycle)
CO2- 2
ATP- 1
NADH- 3FADH2-1
1
4 main categories of reception
G protein-couple Receptor (GPCR), receptor enzyme, ion channel, intracellular receptor
what phase in mitosis does the mitotic spindle disassemble
telophase
what are the 3 checkpoints in the cell cycle
G1, G2, M
what process takes place between the enzyme and substrate during induced fit
induced fit is a substrate brings chemical groups jof the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction
what is chemiosmosis
the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work
what are secondary messengers
secondary messengers are small hydrophilic molecules or ions that diffuse throughout the cytosol (they also amplify the message)
where is the kinetochore
bottom of the sphere where the cross intersects the ball
name 1 of the cell cycles external controls
A. Growth
B. PDGF
C. Density- dependent inhibition
D. Anchorage dependence
what process drives endergonic reactions in a cell by ATP
exergonic (phosphorylation)
what is the formula for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —>6 CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP + heat)
cAMP lis most commonly triggered through what category of reception
G Protein-coupled Receptor (GPCR)
mitotic spindle
what is binary fission
chromosome replication (starts at the origin of replication) two daughter chromosomes actively move apart when the plasma membrane pinches inward to divide the cell