Test Bank 4
The semifluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell is called the:
A) ribosome.
B) cytoplasm.
C) stroma.
D) nucleoplasm.
B. Cytoplasm
The lipid layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes is primarily composed of
molecules called ________.
A) phospholipids
B) fats
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
A. Phospholipids
Energy is defined as
A) heat.
B) the capacity to do work.
C) change.
D) movement.
B. The capacity to do work.
Organisms that can manufacture their own chemical energy are called ________.
A) autotrophs
B) heterotrophs
C) oligotrophs
D) chemotrophs
A. autotrophs
In eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place inside the ________
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) cytoplasm
D) Golgi apparatus
A) chloroplasts
The evolutionary process that created chloroplasts and mitochondria is:
A) endosymbiosis.
B) evolution.
C) symbiosis.
D) punctuated equilibrium.
A. Endosymbiosis
If a cell has the same concentration of dissolved molecules as its outside environment, the cell's condition is referred to as being
A) isotonic.
B) hypertonic.
C) hypotonic.
D) hydrophobic.
E) hydrophilic.
A. Isotonic
A drug binds to the active site of an enzyme. If it is bound to the active site of the enzyme, it prevents
substrate binding. This drug would be considered a(n)
A) noncompetitive inhibitor.
B) allosteric inhibitor.
C) allosteric activator.
D) competitive inhibitor.
D) competitive inhibitor.
18) This process is common to all living cells:
A) Glycolysis
B) Alcohol fermentation
C) The Citric acid cycle
D) Electron transport chain reactions
E) Pyruvate oxidation
A) Glycolysis
In photosynthesis, carbon fixation occurs:
A) in photosystem I
B) in the electron transport chain
C) in photosystem II
D) in the Calvin cycle
E) during photorespiration
D) in the Calvin cycle
This cellular structure lacks a membrane:
A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) microbody
C) Golgi body
D) nucleoid
E) nucleus
D. Nucleoid
The process often referred to as "cellular eating" is
A) osmosis.
B) pinocytosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) diffusion.
C. Phagocytosis
The synthesis of sugar molecules through the process of photosynthesis requires energy absorbed
from sunlight. Bearing this in mind, what kind of reaction is photosynthesis?
A) exergonic
B) endergonic
C) catabolic
D) feedback
B) endergonic
During what step of glycolysis are two ATP molecules required?
A) Cleavage and rearrangement
B) Glucose priming
C) Oxidation
D) Pyruvate formation
E) Acetyl-CoA formation
B) Glucose priming
Visible light has a wavelength range of
A) 400-740 nanometers.
B) 200-800 nanometers.
C) 200-400 nanometers.
D) 200-740 nanometers.
E) 0.001-100,000 nanometers.
A) 400-740 nanometers.
Ribosomes are made up of:
A) only DNA molecules.
B) only RNA molecules.
C) DNA and RNA.
D) only protein molecules.
E) protein and RNA.
E. Protein and RNA
Osmosis can only occur if water travels through the
A) cell wall.
B) semipermeable membrane.
C) vacuole.
D) ER.
B. Semipermeable Membrane
The ultimate source of energy for humans comes from what source?
A) The sun
B) Plants
C) Water
D) Air
E) Animals
A) The sun
What happens to the oxygen that is used in cellular respiration?
A) It is converted to carbon dioxide
B) It is used to make glucose
C) It is used to make Citric acid cycle intermediates
D) It is reduced to form water
E) It is converted to acetyl-CoA
D) It is reduced to form water
Why is eating carrots thought to be useful for enhancing vision?
A) High levels of chlorophyll in carrots helps with photosynthesis in the eyes.
B) High levels of beta-carotene can lead to the production of a pigment used in vision.
C) High levels of carotenoids in carrots can allow vertebrate eyes to perform the dark reactions.
D) High levels of NADPH in carrots can allow vertebrate eyes to perform the light reactions.
B) High levels of beta-carotene can lead to the production of a pigment used in vision.
A doctor diagnosis a child with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) a disorder in which there is an
accumulation of long fatty acid chains accumulating in the cells of the central nervous system.
The issues arise with malfunctions in enzymes associated with which organelle?
A) Golgi bodies
B) ribosomes
C) vacuoles
D) peroxisomes
D. Peroxisomes
A scientist performs an experiment in which they create an artificial cell with a selectively permeable membrane through which only water can pass. They inject a 5M solution of glucose into the cell and then place the cell into a beaker of water. After an hour, what effect do you expect to observe?
A) Water moves out of the cell
B) Glucose moves out of the cell
C) No net change in cell weight
D) Water moves into the cell
D. Water moves into the cell.
27) Metabolic reactions fall under two general categories: anabolic and catabolic. What type of chemical
reactions are these two classes of metabolic reactions?
A) Anabolic reactions are exergonic reactions, whereas catabolic reactions are endergonic.
B) Both anabolic and catabolic reactions are exergonic.
C) Both anabolic and catabolic reactions are endergonic.
D) Anabolic reactions are endergonic reactions, whereas catabolic reactions are exergonic.
D) Anabolic reactions are endergonic reactions, whereas catabolic reactions are exergonic.
What oxidizing agent is used to temporarily store high energy electrons harvested from
glucose molecules in a series of gradual steps in the cytoplasm?
A) FADH2
B) ADP
C) NAD+
D) Oxygen
C) NAD+
What color of light is not strongly absorbed by chlorophyll?
A) green
B) violet-blue
C) red
D) yellow-orange
A) green