Cognitive Development in Infancy
According to Piaget, in which stage do infants use their senses and motor abilities to understand the world?
Sensorimotor stage.
What is the first emotion typically expressed by infants?
Happiness or a social smile, around 6 weeks
What is the most common form of nutritional deficiency in early childhood?
Deficiencies in iron, zinc, and calcium
What is object permanence?
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen
What term describes an infant’s distress when a familiar caregiver leaves?
Separation anxiety.
At what age does a child’s brain typically reach 90% of its adult weight?
By age 6
What is deferred imitation?
When an infant can imitate an action they have seen performed at an earlier time.
According to Erikson, what is the primary psychosocial conflict of infancy?
Trust vs Mistrust
What is primary prevention in the context of childhood injury?
Overall conditions that reduce the risk of injury before it occurs, such as safe environments.
What is the naming explosion, and when does it occur?
A sudden increase in an infant’s vocabulary, particularly nouns, beginning around 18 months
What is social referencing?
The process by which infants observe and follow the emotional reactions of others to help them understand how to react in unfamiliar situations
What is the significance of the corpus callosum in early childhood development?
It connects the two brain hemispheres, allowing more efficient communication between them, which is crucial for coordinated movement and complex tasks
What is habituation in infancy?
The process of becoming accustomed to an object or event through repeated exposure, reducing interest or attention
What are the four attachment types identified by Ainsworth in the Strange Situation experiment?
Secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, and disorganized attachment
What is secondary prevention in the context of childhood injury?
Actions that reduce harm in high-risk situations, such as providing helmets for children riding bikes or installing safety rails on staircases