Conquering the West
What is a buffalo soldier?
African Americans serving as soldiers in the West after the Civil War.
Buffalo Soldier/African American Soldier/West
What groups formed as a result of poor working conditions, low pay, and often mistreatment of workers?
Labor Unions
Labor Unions/worker response to poor working conditions.
This idea was used to justify monopolies and big business. "Strongest will survive"
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism/strongest will survive
This practice often targeted African Americans in the South and was seen by many as a direct violation of the 13th Amendment.
Convict Lease System
Convict Lease System/slavery/13th Amendment
Which Constitutional Amendment was Carrie Chapman Catt most associated with?
19th Amendment
Carrie Chapman Catt: Women's voting rights.
What major project promoted Westward Expansion?
What major legislation provided free land to settlers willing to move West?
Transcontinental railroad
Homestead Act
Westward Expansion/Railroad/Homestead Act
What is philanthropy and provide 1 example.
A person who promotes the welfare of others.
Example: donating money to the Red Cross
Wealth justified through philanthropy/big business
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries how did Congress attempt to address monopolies?
Passing anti-trust legislation
Congress/Monopolies/antitrust legislation.
What did the Cross of Gold Speech promote?
Bimetallism: Gold and Silver Standard
William Jennings/Cross of Gold/Bimetallism.
What was the overall goal of the Federal Reserve System? This created a series of central banks.
What early political leader (not president) advocated for the bank to be controlled by the federal government?
What president later destroyed the national bank and returned it to the states until the Federal Reserve Act?
To promote financial stability.
Alexander Hamilton
Andrew Jackson
Federal Reserve System/stabilize the economy.
What is assimilation?
What was the purpose of the Carlisle Indian Schools?
Learn another countries culture/language
Force assimilation of Native American children.
Westward Expansion/forced Native American assimilation.
What is a political machine?
Who did they often target?
What did they often expect in return?
Unofficial political entity usually in major cities.
Immigrants
Votes
Political Machines/Favors/Bribery/Votes
Whose side the government take during early strikes?
Workers or business owners?
Business Owners
Early strikes/government supports business owners.
What is one example of how muckraker journalism was successful?
Upton Sinclair and the Jungle. What did this lead to?
Exposed social problems which led to government reform.
Pure Food and Drug Act
Muckrakers/exposed problems/government action.
Who were Booker T. Washington and Web DuBois?
What was different about the approaches that Booker T. Washington took in regards to education to that of Web DuBois?
Early Civil Rights leaders
Washington believed that African Americans should focus on learning skills through vocational education. Education was the key to overall freedom and oppression of the Jim Crow South.
Dubois wanted to pursue higher education and directly challenge white rule. More aggressive approach. NAACP
Out West the railroad and meatpacking industries ultimately ended the need for what? This was a major industry.
Cattle Drives
Railroad/Ended Cattle Drives
Why were the "New Immigrants treated worse than the "Old Immigrants"
Economic competition, different languages, cultures, religions/political views.
New Immigrants/Bad treatment
What was the first law passed by Congress to criminalize monopolies?
Was it effective? Why?
Sherman Antitrust Act
No, did not define specifically what a monopoly is.
Sherman Antitrust Act/attempt to criminalize monopolies.
Who made up the Populist Party?
How did this group want the Federal Government to intervene in the economy?
Farmers
Economic Reform and Business Regulation
Populists/Farmers/Government Regulation
What election led to Roosevelt running as a third party and ultimately causing the federal government to slowly return to laissez-faire policies?
Election of 1912
Election of 1912 led to less government intervention.
What two things did the Dawes Act create?
How did the Dawes Act use farming to assimilate Native Americans?
Reservation system
Forced assimilation of Native Americans
Created farming lots from land in the reservation system. Native Americans didn't want to take up agriculture. Couldn't afford tools, animals, seed.
Dawes Act/Failed farming/forced assimilation/reservation system.
What is vertical integration?
What is horizontal integration?
What did both of these lead too?
Owning every part of the business/production process.
Buying up the competition
Monopolies
Horizontal/Vertical Integration/Created Monopolies.
What is Nativism?
What major law was passed in response to this?
Fear of or opposition to immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act
Nativism/Chinese Exclusion Act
What is a muckraker?
List 2 muckrakers we discussed and what they are famous for?
Journalists who wrote about injustices and corruption.
Jacob Riis: Urban Tenements
Ida Tarbell: Oil monopoly
Upton Sinclair: The Jungle/Meat Packing Scandal
Jane Adams: Hull House/Helping Immigrants/Urban Neighborhoods.
What are each of the amendments listed below?
16th
17th
18th
19th
What are all of these called? Category?
16th: Income Tax
17th: Direct election of senators
18th: Prohibition
19th: Women's Suffrage
Progressive Amendments
16/17/18/19: Progressive Amendments