Conquering the West
What is a buffalo soldier?
How does this represent a change in government policy towards African Americans?
African Americans serving as soldiers in the West after the Civil War.
They are able to serve in the West, protecting settlers, and infrastructure.
Buffalo Soldier/African American Soldier/West
What groups formed as a result of poor working conditions, low pay, and often mistreatment of workers?
What economic policy did the U.S. government have towards Big Business in the Gilded Age?
Labor Unions
Laissez-faire
Labor Unions/worker response to poor working conditions.
This idea was used to justify monopolies and big business. "Strongest will survive"
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism/strongest will survive
This practice often targeted African Americans in the South and was seen by many as a direct violation of the 13th Amendment.
Convict Lease System
Convict Lease System/slavery/13th Amendment
Which Constitutional Amendment was Carrie Chapman Catt most associated with?
How was Native American treatment similar to that of African Americans after the Indian Citizenship Act was passed?
19th Amendment
Jim Crown style disenfranchisement.
Carrie Chapman Catt: Women's voting rights.
What major project promoted Westward Expansion?
What major legislation provided free land to settlers willing to move West?
Transcontinental railroad
Homestead Act (example of subsidies)
Westward Expansion/Railroad/Homestead Act
What is philanthropy and provide 1 example.
A person who promotes the welfare of others.
Example: donating money to the Red Cross
Wealth justified through philanthropy/big business
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries how did Congress attempt to address monopolies?
Passing anti-trust legislation
Congress/Monopolies/antitrust legislation.
What did the Cross of Gold Speech promote?
What was the purpose of Jane Addams Hull House/Settlement Houses?
Bimetallism: Gold and Silver Standard
Provide educational and economic assistance to urban poor and struggling immigrants.
William Jennings/Cross of Gold/Bimetallism.
What was the overall goal of the Federal Reserve System? This created a series of central banks.
How did President Roosevelt promote conservation?
To promote financial stability.
Creation of the National Park Service
Federal Reserve System/stabilize the economy.
What is assimilation?
What was the purpose of the Carlisle Indian Schools?
What impact did American settlement of the West have on Native American culture?
Learn another countries culture/language
Force assimilation of Native American children.
Led directly to the downfall.
Westward Expansion/forced Native American assimilation.
What is a political machine?
Who did they often target?
What did they often expect in return?
Unofficial political entity usually in major cities.
Immigrants
Votes
Political Machines/Favors/Bribery/Votes
Whose side the government take during early strikes?
Workers or business owners?
Business Owners
Early strikes/government supports business owners.
What major law did Upton Sinclair's the Jungle lead too?
Pure Food and Drug Act
Muckrakers/exposed problems/government action.
Who were Booker T. Washington and Web DuBois?
Washington approach to Civil Rights?
DuBois: approach to Civil Rights?
Early Civil Rights leaders
Gradual integration/blue collar jobs/whites would eventually extend rights.
DuBoise: immediate integration/white collar jobs/demand rights now/upset with Washington's approach.
Out West the railroad and meatpacking industries ultimately ended the need for what? This was a major industry.
What was significant about the Battle of Wounded Knee?
Cattle Drives
Last battle/attempt to resist for Native Americans against white settlers.
Railroad/Ended Cattle Drives
Why were the "New Immigrants treated worse than the "Old Immigrants"
Economic competition, different languages, cultures, religions/political views.
New Immigrants/Bad treatment
What was the intended purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
Was it effective? Why?
Criminalize monopolies/make them illegal/promote competition.
No, did not define specifically what a monopoly is.
Sherman Antitrust Act/attempt to criminalize monopolies.
Who made up the Populist Party?
How did this group want the Federal Government to intervene in the economy?
Farmers
Economic Reform and Business Regulation
Gold standard and Bimetallism came later.
Populists/Farmers/Government Regulation
What happened during the Election of 1912 and why is it significant?
Roosevelt ran as a third party candidate splitting the ticket with Taft allowing Woodrow Wilson an easy win. Wilson will continue Roosevelt's Progressive policies by allowing for continued government intervention in both social and economic issues.
Election of 1912 led to less government intervention.
What two things did the Dawes Act create?
How did the Dawes Act use farming to assimilate Native Americans?
Reservation system
Forced assimilation of Native Americans
Created farming lots from land under the Homestead Act. Native Americans didn't want to take up agriculture. Couldn't afford tools, animals, seed.
Dawes Act/Failed farming/forced assimilation/reservation system.
What is vertical integration?
What is horizontal integration?
What did both of these lead too?
Which Robber Barron combined both of these to create his monopoly.
Owning every part of the business/production process.
Buying up the competition
Monopolies
Rockefeller.
Horizontal/Vertical Integration/Created Monopolies.
What is Nativism?
What major law was passed in response to this?
What was the Convict Lease System?
What amendment did Southern states find a loophole in to make this legal?
Fear of or opposition to immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act
Leasing out convicts as virtual slaves. Targeted African Americans.
13th Amendment
Nativism/Chinese Exclusion Act
What is a muckraker?
List 2 muckrakers we discussed and what they are famous for?
Journalists who wrote about injustices and corruption.
Jacob Riis: Urban Tenements
Ida Tarbell: Oil monopoly
Upton Sinclair: The Jungle/Meat Packing Scandal
Jane Adams: Hull House/Helping Immigrants/Urban Neighborhoods.
What are each of the amendments listed below?
16th
17th
18th
19th
What are all of these called? Category?
16th: Income Tax
17th: Direct election of senators
18th: Prohibition
19th: Women's Suffrage
Progressive Amendments
16/17/18/19: Progressive Amendments