Proteins
Monomer for Proteins
Amino Acids
Monomer is to monosaccharide as Polymer is to _________________
Polysaccharide
What two things make up a lipid?
Fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleotides are the monomer of nucleic acids and they are made from 3 parts: a sugar, a phosphate group, and a ______________
Nitrogenous base (A / T / C / G / U)
What type of reaction puts monomers together to make a polymer?
Dehydration (condensation)
Polymer for Proteins
Polypeptides
Starch stores glucose in _____________ cells and glycogen stores glucose in ______________ cells.
Plant / Animal
What type of lipid do you find in the cell membrane?
Phospholipid
Which type of nucleic acid can leave the nucleus?
RNA!
The stomach contains enzymes that break down your food during digestion. What type of reaction is this?
Hydrolysis
What type of bonds hold amino acids together in a chain?
Peptide bonds (covalent!)
Name 3 examples of a monosaccharide (simple sugar).
Glucose
Sucrose
True / False: Lipids are ALWAYS hydrophobic.
True!
What are the two polymers of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What part of an amino acid determines its uniqueness and its folding properties?
R group
True / False: Proteins store energy for the body to use.
FALSE
Carbohydrates are useful for two purposes: What are they?
Short term energy and structure in the cell!
Unsaturated triglycerides are _________ at room temperature and have ___________ legs.
Liquid / bent
A nucleic acid technically has another macromolecule contained in it. What is that macromolecule and what are the two types?
Carbohydrate: deoxyribose and ribose sugar
True / False: The substrate will compete with an allosteric inhibitor for the active site on an enzyme.
FALSE (allosteric is a non-competitive inhibitor so it binds elsewhere on the enzyme!)
Which is an example of a protein?
Amylase, Steroids, Cellulose, Triglycerides, RNA
Amylase!! (Ends in -ase so it's an enzyme!)
Name the carbohydrate found in the cell wall of plants, fungi, and bacteria.
Cellulose, Chitin, Peptidoglycan
In order to ADD individual fatty acid chains to a triglyceride, a ______________ reaction has to happen.
Dehydration (water is removed!)
What are the two functions of nucleic acids?
Hold genetic information and holds info on how to make proteins
In an endergonic reaction, energy is ____________ and therefore it is spontaneous or nonspontaneous?
STORED and NONSPONTANEOUS