Way of Life
This person was the head of the Roman family and held legal authority over the household.
paterfamilias
This Roman arena hosted gladiator battles, animal hunts, and public executions.
Colosseum
The Roman army was divided into these units, each consisting of around 5,000 soldiers.
legions
Romans pioneered the use of this building material, allowing them to construct large structures like the Pantheon.
concrete
This ancient language is the root of modern Romance languages such as Spanish and French.
Latin
Romans worshipped this king of the gods, equivalent to Zeus in Greek mythology.
Jupiter
This winter festival, celebrated with feasting and gift-giving, honored the god Saturn.
Saturnalia
This short sword, carried by Roman soldiers, was used in close combat.
gladius
This Roman legal principle, still in use today, asserts that a person is considered this until proven guilty.
innocent
Many modern legal systems are based on this type of Roman government system.
A republic
This staple of the Roman diet was often eaten with olives and washed down with wine.
bread
Romans enjoyed plays performed in these large, open-air venues.
theatres
This famous Roman military formation, named after an animal, provided soldiers with protection from arrows.
testudo (tortoise formation
ntroduced by Julius Caesar, was a way of telling which date it was
calendar
This religion, which began in the Roman Empire, became one of the most widespread in the world.
Christianity
This garment, worn by Roman men, symbolized citizenship and status.
Toga
Chariot races were held in this famous Roman stadium.
Circus Maximus
Roman soldiers often built these structures to provide water to cities.
aqueducts
This Roman poet, author of “The Aeneid,” is one of the most famous figures in Latin literature.
Virgil
Roman innovation in this architectural feature allowed for the construction of large bridges and buildings.
arch
While the wealthy lived in grand houses called these, the poor lived in overcrowded apartments.
insulae
Public areas, where Romans could relax, exercise, and socialize, were known by this name.
bath
After serving 25 years, Roman soldiers were rewarded with these two benefits.
Land and a pension
Romans were known for developing public facilities like these to maintain hygiene in cities.
baths and latrines?
This period in European history, marked by a revival of classical ideas, was heavily influenced by Roman culture.
Renaissance