Classical Conditioning
Who is the psychologist most famous for studying classical conditioning with dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
Who is the psychologist most associated with operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
Who is the psychologist known for the Bobo doll experiment on observational learning?
Albert Bandura
Giving a treat after a desired behavior is an example of what?
Positive reinforcement
What kind of conditioning is based on associating two stimuli together?
Classical conditioning
What is the neutral stimulus in Pavlov’s dog experiment?
The bell
What is a consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior called?
Reinforcement
Observational learning is also called what?
Modeling
Taking away chores for good behavior is an example of what?
Negative reinforcement
What type of conditioning involves learning through consequences?
Operant conditioning
In classical conditioning, what is the learned response called?
Conditioned response (CR)
What is it called when a behavior is followed by removing something unpleasant?
Negative reinforcement
What kind of learning occurs when someone learns by watching others?
Observational learning
Adding an unpleasant stimulus after a behavior to reduce it is called what?
Positive punishment
What type of learning occurs without direct reinforcement or punishment, just by observing others?
Observational learning
What do we call the stimulus that naturally triggers a response, like food causing salivation?
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
What device did Skinner use to study operant conditioning with rats?
The Skinner box (operant conditioning chamber)
In the Bobo doll experiment, what behavior did children model after watching adults?
Aggressive behavior
Removing a favorite toy to reduce bad behavior is called what?
Negative punishment
Who conducted the “Little Albert” experiment on classical conditioning with fear?
John Watson
What term refers to when a conditioned response fades after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
What is the process called when rewards guide behavior closer and closer to the desired action?
Shaping
What type of reinforcement occurs when the person observing sees someone else being rewarded for a behavior?
Vicarious reinforcement
What kind of reinforcement schedule rewards behavior only sometimes, not every time?
Partial reinforcement
Which theory explains learning as changes in thinking, like problem-solving and insight?
Cognitive learning theory