30 Yrs War
In the Defenestration of Prague, Bohemians of THIS RELIGION threw three Catholics out the window of the Bohemian Chancellery because they wanted to ban the building of THIS RELIGION's new churches.
What is protestant?
In the Divine Right of Kings, WHO are kings answerable to?
Who is GOD?
THIS RUSSIAN absolute tsar westernized Russia by bringing foreign ship builders and engineers to Russia. He made his nobility build palaces in his new city - which was named after him - and created a military and civilian bureaucracy that was merit-based.
Who was Peter the Great?
The legislative branch of government in England is called THIS.
What is parliament? House of Commons and House of Lords.
THIS is the WORD for Russian peasants who are bound to the land. Many historians compare their lot in life to slavery.
What is a serf?
Fighting in the English Civil War begins when Charles I recruits his own army in the north of England, forcing Parliament to form its own army, called THIS NAME.
What was the New Model Army?
THIS IS THE WORD for putting a monarch and/or parliament back in power after the fall of a different form of government (like a republic or dictatorship).
What is a restoration?
THIS Protestant king of Denmark entered the 30 years war to protect protestants and reduce Catholic expansion in the Holy Roman Empire.
Who was Christian IV?
When thinking of absolutism, it is similar to a dictatorship except in THIS WAY.
What is how the ruler comes to power? (A dictator takes power in coup, the Absolutist is born into it)
Known as the "Sun King," this French monarch is the epitome of an absolute ruler. He never called the Estates General, he revoked the Edict of Nantes, and he made all French nobles live in his palace in Versailles.
Who was Louis XIV?
The TWO MAIN SIDES of the English Civil War are THIS AND THIS.
What is the monarchy and the parliament? There also were other factions like Scottish Presbyterians and the Catholic Irish who played a role in the conflict.
Ancient Rome and the United States are examples of THIS FORM OF GOVERNMENT, characterized by having representatives who make laws on behalf of the people.
What is a republic?
THIS MAN was the head of parliament's army, a puritan, a member of the House of Commons, and was instrumental in the trial and death of Charles I.
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
After Cromwell died and Charles II ruled, parliament passed THIS LAW/ACT forbidding anyone who wasn't Anglican from voting, holding office, preaching, teaching, attending university, or assembling. The act was passed but not enforced. William Penn was arrested for trying to hold a Quaker meeting of friends against this act, but the jury would not convict him.
What was the Test Act?
THIS EDICT was issued by Holy Roman Emperor after his victories in the early phase of the 30 Years War. It required the return of church lands to Catholics and banned Calvinism in the HRE.
What is the Edict of Restitution?
Thomas Hobbes argued in favor of THIS TYPE OF Rule in his book, the Leviathan. He did not favor the parliament in the English Civil War.
What is absolutism?
THIS CATHOLIC ABSOLUTIST RULER was the Holy Roman Emperor who won the Battle of White Mountain in the first phase of the 30 years war against the Bohemians.
Who was Ferdinand II?
Puritans sought to purify THESE ELEMENTS out of the Anglican Church?
What are Catholic elements (such as priests' robes, elaborate ceremonies, wedding rings, and hierarchy)?
THIS IS THE WORD for the people who are just below the nobility. These Irish Catholic folks played a role in rebelling against their English landlords and governors in the English Civil War.
What is gentry?
After Charles I was executed, THIS GOVERNMENT emerged from the remaining MPs and the leader of the New Model Army. It was called a republic, but was actually a military dictatorship.
What was the Protectorate?
John Locke wrote the Second Treatise of Civil Government about THIS DOCUMENT. THIS DOCUMENT gave the English parliament the right to make laws for the British people, thus making England a Constitutional Monarchy.
What was The English Bill of Rights?
Following THIS PEACE TREATY at the conclusion of the 30 Years War, religion declined in importance as a cause of warfare between European states and the concept of nations, borders, and sovereignty were modernized.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
Much of art and decor in the Palace of Versailles is done in THIS STYLE. It is the elaborate style created during the Catholic Counter Reformation. It evokes emotion and draws people into it.
What is the Baroque style?
While a High Anglican ruler of England, this monarch was certainly an absolutist as he believed in the Divine Right of Kings and resisted Puritan's requests for reform.
Who was James I?
This ARCHBISHOP of CANTERBURY tried to make Scottish Presbyterians us a new prayer book modeled on the Anglican one and wanted them to also have Bishoprics, to model Catholic heirarchy. The Scotts revolted and literally threw the books at him.
Who was William Laud?
This SECRET COURT used by Charles I was where Puritans disappeared to after being arrested.
What was the Star Chamber?
In the Restoration, Louis XIV paid THIS BRITISH MONARCH 200,000 British pounds to relax laws against Catholics in Britain and gradually re-Catholicize Britain itself. Historians see this as treason.
Who was Charles II?
This is the FORM OF GOVERNMENT where the few rule the many. The Dutch called their government a republic, but really had THIS FORM of government when wealthy business men (regents) served in each province's estates (assemblies).
What is an oligarchy?
The peace treaty after the 30 Years War made THIS peace treaty from 1555 (after Martin Luther's trials) permanent. Additionally, Calvinism was added to Lutheranism as a legal religious sect.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
While absolutist rulers did not like having prime or first ministers to help them rule, they did employ finance ministers like THIS FRENCH MINISTER who served in Versailles and used mercantilism to help France grow its economy.
This Catholic king of England was married to a protestant, but still an absolutist ruler. He didn't like parliament or protestants. He arrested puritans and tried them in his secret court.
Who was Charles I?
Charles I need to finance an army to put down the Scottish rebellion, so he called THIS GROUP to meet, even though he had ruled without them for 11 years. THIS GROUP ended up meeting for 20 years, to solidify their role in government and to push back at Charles I for his opposition.
What is the Long Parliament?
In the Dutch Golden Age, THESE SEVEN EXECUTIVE OFFICERS were appointed by each estate to act as governors. In principle, each officer was freely chosen by the estates and answerable to them. But in practice, officers in several of the states came from the House of Orange (Willam's house) and thus other officers from more republican estates worried that they had monarchical ambitions.
What are stadholders?
The English Civil War ends with the appointment of William of Orange and the protestant Mary (daughter of James II) from the Netherlands as monarch of England. This bloodless change of power is known as THIS TERM.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
THIS WORD means the practice of a father leaving his inheritance to only one son. In absolutist Russia, the tsar created a law using this word to imply that only one son could inherit his father's property, leaving his other sons free to joint he military or civilian bureaucracy, and marry whomever they chose.
What is unigeniture?