Energy in Organisms
What is the term used for the waste material that is expelled from an organism's body?
Egested waste.
Which type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Proteins.
Which animals have shorter digestive tracts because their diet primarily consists of easy-to-digest proteins and fats?
Carnivores.
What are the wave-like muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive tract called?
Peristalsis.
Which macromolecule is composed of fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipids.
What is the organelle where cellular respiration occurs, producing energy for cellular functions?
Mitochondria.
What is the site on an enzyme that binds to a substrate, fitting together like a lock and key?
Active site.
What is the sugar present in cell walls and which gives them structure?
Cellulose.
What are the finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorbing nutrients called?
Villi.
Which macromolecule serves as a major energy source for plants and animals?
Carbohydrates.
Which type of organism is likely to have more energy available for biomass due to a plant-based diet?
Herbivores.
What is the effect enzymes have on chemical reactions?
They speed them up.
What is the feeding niche occupied by an animal that eats both plants and animals?
Omnivore.
What is the yellow-green fluid, produced by the liver, that assists in the breakdown of fats in the small intestine?
Bile.
What are the monomers of proteins?
Aminoacids.
What are the products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water and energy (ATP).
What happens to the reaction if a different, incompatible substrate to the enzyme's active site is added?
It stops.
Animals that tear meat typically have which type of teeth?
Canine.
Most nutrient absorption occurs in which part of the digestive system?
Small intestine.
Which macromolecule has DNA and RNA as examples?
Nucleic acids.
Besides egesting waste, maintaining biomass and conducting cellular respiration, which is one other way in which organisms lose energy?
Heat loss.
What is the term that describes and enzyme that has lost it's shape?
Denaturation.
Which type of digestion involves chewing and churning food to break it down?
Mechanical digestion.
Why does food need to be digested into tiny parts?
To be able to get into the cells.
What is the simple sugar used in cellular respiration?
Glucose.