European Monarchies
This invention by Gutenberg helped increase literacy in Europe.
What is the Printing Press?
This ruler earned the title "Ivan the Terrible" and expanded Russia eastward using gunpowder and Cossack warriors.
Who is Ivan IV?
This Chinese dynasty re-established the Great Wall after overthrowing the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.
What is the Ming Dynasty?
This Ottoman leader conquered Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul.
Who is Mehmed II?
Martin Luther famously challenged the Catholic Church by posting this document with 95 points of contention.
What is the 95 Theses?
These new monarchies emerged in the 1500s with centralized power, including the Tudors in England, the Valois in France, and this ruling duo in Spain.
Who are Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand?
Known as “The Great,” this Tsar helped overthrow Mongol control, laying the foundation for Tsarist Russia.
Who is Ivan III?
This Ming policy for government jobs was revived to counteract Mongol influence.
What is the civil service exam?
Known for his territorial expansions in Hungary and Greece, he was an Ottoman sultan who almost captured Vienna.
Who is Suleiman I?
John Calvin’s ideas influenced this religious group in France, who followed his doctrines.
Who are the Huguenots?
This king centralized power in France, created the intendants system, and kept nobles close at Versailles.
Who is Louis XIV?
Under Peter the Great, Russia was reorganized into this type of administrative unit to centralize control.
What are provinces?
Known for his brutal expansion of the Qing Empire, he extended control over Xinjiang and Tibet.
Who is Emperor Qianlong?
This system conscripted Christian boys into the Ottoman military and bureaucracy, often creating elite Janissary soldiers.
What is the Devshirme system?
King Henry VIII established the Church of England, also known by this name, to avoid the authority of the pope.
What is Anglicanism?
The belief that monarchs derived their authority directly from God, particularly influential in England and France.
What is the "Divine Right of Kings"?
To increase his power over the Russian Orthodox Church, Peter the Great replaced the patriarch with this governing body.
What is the Holy Synod?
The Tokugawa Shogunate marked this period of stability in Japan.
What is the Period of Great Peace?
Shah Abbas I of this empire used imported weapons and tried to expand towards the Ottomans.
What is the Safavid Empire?
The Catholic Church’s response to the Reformation included this council, which sought to correct corruption while reinforcing Catholic doctrines.
What is the Council of Trent?
This English document limited the monarch's power and paved the way for increased middle-class influence.
What is the English Bill of Rights?
This architectural and administrative change was made by Peter the Great to modernize and centralize his empire.
What is moving the capital to St. Petersburg?
He unified about one-third of Japan as a daimyo before Toyotomi Hideyoshi continued his work.
Who is Oda Nobunaga?
Known for his tolerance of religions, this Mughal leader attempted to blend Hinduism and Islam, fostering a golden age in his empire.
Who is Akbar?
This treaty ended the Thirty Years' War, allowing regions of the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own faith.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?