Scientific Method
What is the first step of the Scientific Method?
observation or ask a question or identify a problem
What is the Earth mainly made up of?
Rocks
What is everything in the universe made of?
atoms (ex. oxygen and hydrogen)
What are the fundamental componenets of all cells?
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
genetic material
orgnelles
What is nutrition?
Nutrition is the vital function through which living beings obtain the matter and energy they need to survive.
What is a hypothesis?
An idea which aims to explain the initial question or problem.
If...then...
What are the four layers or 'spheres' of the Earth?
Biosphere
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Give an example of an inorganic substance and an organic substance and explain where they can be found.
inorganic: found in both living and non-living beings
ex. liquid water, mineral salts
organic: exclusively found in living beings
ex. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic --> do not have a nucleus
Eukaryotic -->have a nucleus
What are the two types of nutrition?
Autotrophic & Heterotrophic
What is the third step of the Scientific Method? Explain this step.
Experiment
You need to check whether the initial hypothesis is correct. This is done through field experiments or laboratory experiments.
What is the function of the Atmosphere?
The Atmosphere protects the Earth from some solar radiation that is harmful to life and it also helps to keep our planet warm.
What percentage of living matter is made up of liquid water?
70%
What is the smallest kind of cell?
Bacteria
What is the process of respiration?
All living beings take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
How do we analyse results in the fourth step?
If the initial hypothesis is not correct, it is rejected and new hyptheses and experiments are proposed
If it is correct, it is considered to be true and accepted as an answer to the initial question.
Explain the process of the water cycle.
The average temp of the Earth is 15 degree C which makes it possible for liquid water. Liquid is essential for both living beings and their enviroment. The Sun's energy makes it possible for liquid water to change states (ex. liquid--> solid).
What is the difference between carbohydrates and lipids?
Carbohyradte is a type of biomolecule that provides the cell with energy and form part of some cell structures (ex. cell wall)
Lipids are molecues that contain a lot of energy. Cells use them to store energy. They provide heat insulation and form part of certain cell structures (ex. plasma membrane).
Plant cells vary between what length?
10-100 micrometres
How are substances transported thorugh unicellular organisms?
Substances pass in and out of unicellular organisms through the plasma membrane.
Why do we report research? (fifth step)
It allows research to validated or rejected by other reserachers working on the same problem. The scientific community can check whether the findings are vaild. If they are vaild, it can be shared with the scientific community. --> becomes a reliable source
Why is the Earth's climate less hostile?
beacuse we have seasons and therte is a quick change between day and night.
What is the difference between proteins and nucleic acids?
Proteins are essential for many different functions (ex. help us contract our muscules)
Nucleic Acids are relatively large molecules. ex. DNA: contains vital info that organisms need to function
What determines the shape of the cell? give an example
It is determinded by its function.
ex. Red blood cells are biconcave in shape, like discs with a flattened centre. This allows them to carry as much oxygen as possible.
Explain the two types of reproduction
Asexual: one single parent (progenitor) producing one copy of itself, by itself. This copy is identical to the progenitor.
Sexual: involves one male and one female progenitor. Together they producea descendant that is similar to them. Specialised reporductive cells known as gametes are necessary for this process.