Name that Pathogen
This type of pathogen requires a host cell to replicate and can cause diseases like the flu and COVID-19.
What is a virus?
This is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens, using barriers like skin to keep invaders out.
What is the innate immune system?
This type of immunity is achieved when enough people are vaccinated, helping to protect those who cannot be vaccinated.
What is herd immunity?
This type of transmission occurs when an infected person sneezes directly on someone else.
What is Direct Transmission?
This preventive measure involves isolating infected individuals to stop the spread of disease.
What is Quarantine?
Single-celled organisms that can be treated with antibiotics when they cause infections.
What are bacteria?
These cells "remember" pathogens and help the immune system respond faster if the body is exposed again.
What are memory cells?
This type of immunity occurs when the body creates specific antibodies and memory cells after exposure to a pathogen or vaccine.
What is adaptive immunity?
Touching a doorknob after someone with the flu has coughed on it is an example of this type of transmission.
What is Indirect Transmission?
This common practice helps reduce the spread of germs by killing bacteria and viruses on hands and surfaces.
What is Hygiene (or Handwashing)?
These organisms live on or inside a host and often harm it, examples include tapeworms and malaria-causing organisms.
What are parasites?
Known for engulfing and digesting pathogens, these immune cells are part of the innate response.
What are phagocytes?
This term refers to the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate, even when vaccines are available.
What is vaccine hesitancy?
During an outbreak of a viral illness, an infected individual coughs near a crowd, and others inhale the airborne particles. What kind of transmission is this?
What is Indirect Transmission (airborne transmission)?
This type of public health campaign encourages people to get vaccinated to protect themselves and others.
What are Vaccination Campaigns?
This type of pathogen includes molds and yeasts and can cause infections, especially in those with weakened immune systems.
What are fungi?
This type of immune cell identifies and destroys infected cells directly.
What are T-cells?
Reasons for hesitancy for vaccines.
What is fear of side effects, misinformation, cultural or religious beliefs?
A healthcare worker touches a contaminated surface in a hospital, then touches their face. This is an example of which type of pathogen transmission?
What is Indirect Transmission?
This term describes when enough people are immune to a disease, making its spread less likely, especially for those who can’t be vaccinated.
What is Herd Immunity?
This term describes any microorganism, such as a virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite, that causes disease in its host.
What is a pathogen?
Produced by B-cells, these proteins bind to pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
What are antibodies?
This is the process by which the immune system "remembers" a pathogen and responds more quickly upon re-exposure.
What is immunological (immune) memory?
This occurs when a person directly shakes hands with someone infected with a cold, transmitting the virus.
What is Direct Transmission?
This public health concern arises when there is a widespread belief in misinformation about vaccines, often leading to lower vaccination rates and an increase in preventable diseases.
What is Vaccine Hesitancy?