Animal Science Genetics

Terms to Know

100

Nature determines which animals reproduce.  Also known as “Survival of the Fittest.”

Natural Selection 

200

A method of calculating the chances of inheriting a specific trait

Punnet Square

300

What breeding strategy can isolate very rare genes by mating closely related animals?

Inbreeding

400

The potential an animal has to show specific traits or performance due to it’s genetic information

Heredity

500

What does EPD stand for?

Estimated Progeny Difference

Genes

100

1. A number from 0 -1.0 representing how much a specific trait is affected by the animal’s genetic information

Heritability Factor

200

A form of a gene found in pairs on each chromosome.

Allele

300

Traits controlled by a SINGLE pair of genes.

Qualitative

400

Traits controlled by several pairs of genes.

Quantitative

500

What is genotype?

Genetic code represented by letters

Punnett Square

100

Write an example of a homozygous dominate genotype

AA

200

Write an example of a heterozygous genotype

Aa

300

What is a phenotype?

Observable physical characteristics

400

1. If you cross a heterozygous polled cow with a homozygous horned bull, what percent chance will the offspring have of being polled? (Use a punnet square, polled is a dominant trait (P))

50% Chance of being polled (P)

500

1. If you cross a heterozygous merle Australian Shepherd with a homozygous solid dog, what percent chance will the offspring have of inheriting the merle coat pattern? (Use punnet square, Merle is dominant (M) to solid (m))

50% chance of being merle

Random1

100

List 1 measurable trait you could select for when choosing your breeding stock for sheep farm

Growth rate

Number born(twins)

Wool quality

Carcass Fat

Loineye Area

200

A breeding system where all animals are registered and whose goal is to produce high quality breeding stock

Purebred

300

What is considered a HIGH heritably factor?

 .5 or greater 

400

What breeding strategy mates animals that are distantly related?

Linebreeding

500

What is a qualitative trait

A trait that you can physically see like animal hair color

Random 2

100

List 1 measurable trait you could select for when choosing your breeding stock for cattle

Birth Weight

Weaning Weight

Hight

Ribeye Area

200

A breeding system where breeding females are not purebred, but they breed to higher quality sires in hopes of improving each generation.

Commercial Breeding 

300

A breeding system where breeding females are not purebred, but they breed to higher quality sires in hopes of improving each generation

Commercial

400

External conditions that affect the traits and performance of an animal.

Environment 

500

What type of breeding strategy increases hybrid vigor?

Crossbreeding