Cell Types
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, typically smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells
What is the function of the nucleus?
It serves as the control center of the cell, housing DNA and coordinating cell activities like growth and reproduction.
What is the cell membrane made of?
It is primarily made of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water.
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
1) All living things are made of cells, 2) Cells are the basic unit of life, 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
What does the mitochondria do?
It produces energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It protects the cell, provides structure, and regulates what enters and exits the cell.
Describe cellular respiration.
It is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Who is credited with discovering cells?
Robert Hooke is credited with the discovery of cells in 1665.
Name one type of plant cell.
Examples include parenchyma, collenchyma, or sclerenchyma cells.
What is the role of the ribosome?
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell.
How does diffusion work?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is a difference between active and passive transport?
Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not.
What is one piece of evidence for cell theory?
Microscopic observations show that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
What is a stem cell?
A type of cell that can differentiate into various types of cells in the body and has the ability to self-renew.
Name a function of the endoplasmic reticulum.
It helps in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids.
Explain osmosis.
smosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
The stages include interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
How does cell theory relate to living things?
Cell theory provides a foundation for understanding the structure and function of all living organisms.
What is the difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not; animal cells have centrioles and lysosomes, which are less common in plant cells.
What are lysosomes and what do they do?
Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes for digestion and waste removal in the cell.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
It describes the structure of the cell membrane as a mosaic of various components that move fluidly within the layer.
Explain mitosis and its importance.
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, important for growth and repair.
Why is cell theory important in biology?
It is fundamental to understanding the functions of living organisms and the principles of biology.