Chpt.15 Asphyxiation
occurs when oxygenated blood cannot reach the brain
What is asphyxia?
Chapter 16: results from cutting and stabbing
What is sharp force injuries?
Chopping wounds demonstrate a combination of both ____ and ___ ____ injuries?
What is blunt and sharp force?
GSR stands for
*BONUS 50: After how long can this be lost?*
What is Gun-shot Residue?
A _______ disperses one large or many smaller projectiles with a single shot.
What is a shotgun?
mechanical, manual (throttling), ligature (garroting),
What is the three types of strangulation?
Chapter 16: skin and tissue are cleanly separated but the cutting edge
no tissue bridging
sharp knife causes ...
What are incised wounds?
A hard contact wound is burned by hot gases and blackened by ____t.
this can also be can be washed off
What is soot?
Produces at intermediate range by the penetration of the burning and unburned powder grains into the skin
What is stippling?
Most common shot gun caliber
What is a 12g (gauge)?
may involve ligature strangulation, hanging, asphyxiating gases, or suffocation
typically a male masturbation practice
What is autoerotic asphyxiation?
document injury through this technique
4 quadrants
placing an identification marker close to injury
*BONUS 100 if it's drawn*
What is crime mapping?
A cut or tear in the skin or underlying tissue
Irregular and jagged
tissue bridging
What is lacerations?
part fired from the barrel or a gun
this actually hits the object
*BONUS for 50: Where and in which direction does a casing go?*
What is a projectile?
a shotgun shell containing large, fewer pellets designed for hunting larger game like deer
*put a hole in someone*
What is a buckshot?
At Scene:
look for signs of a struggle
examine objects under an additional light for saliva
collect victims saliva and process for trace evidence
What is smothering?
imaginary lines on the human body that indicate the natural direction of collagen fibers in the skin
showing the orientation of the underlying muscle fibers
gaping and slit
What are langer lines?
What are lines of langer?
Patterns from the weapon may be imparted to the skin
What is pattern abrasions?
Hard contact wounds
caused by gases escaping from the gun barrel in which have little space to expand
soot, smoke, and powder, are blown into the wound
What is stellate or star-shaped?
(loose contact wound)
In layer from outer to inner:
Soot
Abraded, seared margin
Center (shot enters as single mass)
What is the cookie cutter effect?
small, flat, red or purple spots that appear under the skin or in mucous membranes when capillaries break and bleed
may appear usually around face
What is petechiae?
Chapter 17: abrasions, contusions, and lacerations
What are the three types of blunt force injuries?
List at least 3 pieces of trace evidence transfer from a weapon found in a wound.
What is paint, debris, or fragments?
Pistol/ Handgun calibers (at least 3)
*Bonus 50: what caliber can fit BOTH a pistol and a rifle?*
.22
.380
.9mm
.375 / 38 special
.40
.45
_______ and ______ exit the muzzle of the shotgun and leave with an initial velocity sufficient to penetrate the skin.
What is shot cup and wadding?