Stains
What is a simple stain?
Dye that reveals the shape, size, and arrangement of the cell.
What is the growth curve?
Populations displayed a predictable pattern over time.
This causes common STDs and can spread through sexual contact.
Proteobacteria
What is a primary infection?
This is the initial infection.
An example of an entry for a pathogen is what?
Respiratory, Skin, Fecal, Urogenital, Blood.
What is a structural stain?
It reveals certain cell parts not revealed by conventional methods.
What is the lag phase?
The "flat" period of adjustment, enlargement, and little growth.
This bacteria is a gram-negative, prokaryote, and does photosynthesis.
Cyanobacteria
What is a secondary infection?
An infection is caused by an opportunistic pathogen after the primary infection has weakened the body.
An example of a pathogen exit is...
Respiratory, Skin, Fecal, Urogenital, Blood.
What is an endospore stain?
This stain distinguishes between endospores which hold the stain and vegetative cells.
What is the exponential growth phase?
The period of maximum growth will continue as long as cells have nutrients and a favorable environment.
This bacteria lives inside a eukaryotic host cell and causes trachoma and nongonococcal urethritis.
Chlamydias
What is an acute infection?
An infection that comes on rapidly, is severe but is short-lived.
How can a pathogen enter and exit through the respiratory system?
Mucus, sputum, nasal drainage, and saliva.
What are the 3 differential stains?
Gram stain, Acid-fast stain, and Endospore stain.
What is the stationary phase?
The rate of cell growth equals the rate of cell death that is caused by depleted nutrients/oxygen, organic acids, and pollution.
This type of bacteria has axal filaments and it causes Syphilis and Lyme disease.
Spirochetes
What is a chronic infection?
This infection progresses slowly, less severe, but is persistent over a long period of time.
T/F: Pathogens can enter and exit the same way.
True
What are the steps to a Gram stain? How can you tell if it's gram-negative?
Primary stain (crystal violet), Mordant (iodine), Decolorizing agent (alcohol-acetone), and Counterstain (safranin). The stain is gram-negative if the decolorizing agent is colorless and if the counterstain is red.
What is the death phase?
The limiting factors intensify and cells die exponentially.
This is a gram-positive bacteria and it includes actinomycetes and streptomycin.
Gram-Positive bacteria
Tuberculosis is an example of what kind of infection.
Chronic infection