Presidencies and Policies
What was the Revolution of 1800?
A peaceful transfer of power between rival political parties, marking a turning point in U.S. democracy.
Which landmark case established the principle of judicial review?
Marbury v Madison
Who invented the cotton gin, and what was its impact on slavery?
Eli Whitney; it revitalized slavery in the South.
What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?
It doubled the size of the United States and opened the West to exploration.
What movement sought to limit alcohol consumption in the 19th century?
Temperance Movement
Which president implemented the Embargo Act of 1807, and what was its impact?
Thomas Jefferson; it hurt the U.S. economy more than Britain or France.
What was the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) regarding federal authority?
The Court ruled that federal laws are supreme, and the National Bank is constitutional.
What infrastructure project connected the Hudson River to the Great Lakes, boosting trade?
The Erie Canal
What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
To prevent European intervention in the Western Hemisphere.
Who organized the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.
Name the policy under Andrew Jackson that forcibly removed Native Americans from their lands.
Indian Removal Act
Who was the Chief Justice known for expanding federal power through Supreme Court rulings?
John Marshall
What was the "Market Revolution," and how did it affect American society?
A shift toward a more interconnected economy marked by industrialization and commerce.
Who led the victory at the Battle of New Orleans, and why was it significant?
Andrew Jackson; it boosted national pride despite occurring after the Treaty of Ghent.
What was the main focus of the Second Great Awakening?
Religious revival and moral reform
What was Andrew Jackson’s reasoning for opposing the National Bank?
He argued it was unconstitutional and served elite interests.
What was the significance of Worcester v. Georgia?
It established that states could not enforce laws within Native American territories.
Name two innovations that transformed 19th-century transportation.
Steamboats and railroads
What compromise admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state?
Missouri Compromise
ame one leader associated with education reform in the early 19th century.
Horace Mann
What slogan symbolized William Henry Harrison’s 1840 presidential campaign?
Tippecanoe and Tyler Too."
In what case did the Supreme Court rule on the power of taxation over federal entities?
McCulloch v. Maryland.
How did the "Tariff of Abominations" lead to the Nullification Crisis?
It sparked Southern opposition and led to South Carolina’s declaration of nullification.
What slogan reflected Americans' call for war with Britain in 1812?
"On to Canada!"
What were utopian communities, and why did they fail?
Communities aimed at ideal living but failed due to impracticality and lack of sustainability.