Mixtures
What type of mixture has particles that settle out over time?
Suspension
What is the substance called that does the dissolving in a solution?
Solvent
What is the formula for molarity?
M = Moles of solute รท Liters of solution
What term refers to the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent?
Solubility
Why does soda fizz less when it is warm?
Gases are less soluble at higher temperatures.
What is a mixture called where particles are evenly distributed and do not settle out?
Homogeneous mixture (or solution)
What term describes a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute it can hold?
Saturated solution
If 2 moles of solute are dissolved in 4 liters of solution, what is the molarity?
0.5 M
What happens to the solubility of most solids as temperature increases?
It increases
Why is salt added to water when boiling pasta?
It increases the boiling point of water.
What is the main difference between a suspension and a colloid?
The size of the particles; colloid particles are too small to settle out.
What happens to the solubility of a gas as temperature increases?
It decreases.
How many moles of solute are in a 1.5 M solution with 2 liters of water?
3 moles
What happens to the solubility of gases when pressure increases?
It increases.
How does adding salt to icy roads help in winter?
It lowers the freezing point of water, preventing ice formation.
What is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
Oil and water (or salad dressing, sand and water)
Why is water considered a universal solvent?
Because it can dissolve many substances due to its polar nature.
How many liters of water are needed to dilute 1.2 moles of solute to make a 0.4 M solution?
3 liters
Which solution has a higher concentration: 2 moles of solute in 1 liter of solution or 1 mole of solute in 1 liter of solution?
2 moles of solute in 1 liter (2 M is higher than 1 M).
Why is sugar easier to dissolve in hot tea than in cold tea?
Solids dissolve faster in warm solvents due to increased kinetic energy.
What is the Tyndall effect, and in which type of mixture is it observed?
The scattering of light by particles in a colloid.
What is the principle of "like dissolves like"?
Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.
How many grams of NaCl are needed to make 1 liter of a 1 M solution?
58.44 grams
What is an example of a solid dissolved in another solid?
An alloy like steel (carbon in iron).
What is an emulsifier, and how does it work?
An emulsifier, like egg yolk, helps immiscible liquids mix by stabilizing the mixture with molecules that attract both polar and nonpolar substances.