General
What are the 3 P’s of First Aid?
Preserve life, prevent further injury, promote recovery
What acronym is used to treat shock? What do the letters stand for?
WARTS (warmth, ABCs, rest & reassurance, treat cause, semi-prone)
Name two categories of burns.
What does RICE stand for?
Rest, immobilise, cold, elevate
How do you treat a nosebleed?
Tip head forward, pinch at bridge
What is the Good Samaritan Act? Where does it apply?
Protects first aiders from liability for damages in Ontario (off the clock)
What is the difference between a heart attack and angina?
Angina is a medical condition diagnosed by a doctor, prescribed meds
Name one symptom of frostbite.
White/waxy/hard tissue, numbness
Name the 2 types of slings.
Tubular (shoulder/collarbone/hand), standard (lower arm/wrist)
Name two symptoms of a concussion.
Decreased LOC, unequal/unresponsive pupils, pain, swelling, nausea, seeings stars, memory loss
What information should you give a bystander?
Call them out specifically, who (# of victims), what, where, first aid kit, AED, check understanding
Do you start with back blows or abdominal thrusts for an obstructed airway?
Doesn't matter (in Ontario)
When should you call EMS for a burn injury?
1st degree - more than 50%, for infants
2nd degree - palm
3rd degree - always
Do you need to call EMS for a bone & joint injury?
Either EMS (always for femur, pelvic) or transported to hospital by other means if mobile
How do you treat an on-land spinal injury?
EMS, trap squeeze, try to restrict movement, monitor ABCs, reassure conscious victim
Name 3 different barrier devices.
Gloves, pocket mask, face shield, PPE
How can you help calm a victim who is hyperventilating?
Pursed-lip breathing
What is the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke?
Heatstroke is life-threatening (you've stopped sweating)
Name 2 things you could use to splint an injury.
Commercial splint, magazine, boards, etc.
What can you eat or drink with an abdominal injury?
Trick question - nothing, in case of surgery
Name 2 ways to deal with Critical Incident Stress.
Talk to a therapist, remember that your reaction is normal, maintain healthy lifestyle, spend time with loved ones
What is the difference between regular CPR and CPR with an obstructed airway?
Check their airway after they fall & after every round of 30 compressions
If breaths aren't successful, readjust and try again
When can you get hypothermia in Canada?
Our waterways are always cold enough to cause hypothermia
What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?
Sprain = overstretched ligament
Strain = overstretched muscle or tendon
What is the difference between a broken rib and flail chest?
Flail chest is many broken ribs in the same spot