Basic Anatomy Terms
What is the difference between "proximal" and "distal" in relation to the trunk?
Proximal is closer to the trunk, while distal means farther from the trunk
What is the FLU ?
The flu (an abbreviation for influenza) is an infectious respiratory condition caused by
influenza viruses. It impacts the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs.
What does the term "cardiac" mean?
Related to the heart.
What does “constipation” indicate in a clinical setting?
Constipation refers to difficulty in bowel movements or infrequent defecation, not confusion.
What is a “thermometer “ used for?
It is used to measure body temperature.
What does the term "medial" mean?
Close to the midline.
What is a headache?
A headache is a pain or discomfort in the head or upper neck, often caused by stress, dehydration, or illness.
What is the term "An anormally fast heart rate usually over 100 beats per minute" in English?
Tachycardia
How is the word “medicine” commonly misunderstood by non-native speakers?
“Medicine” in English refers to drugs or the field of medical science, not a “medical professional” (like “médico” in Portuguese).
What is a “sthethoscope” used for?
It is used to listen to the sounds of the heart, lungs, and other internal organs.
Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
Sagittal plane
What is the main difference between a bacterial infection and a viral infection?
Bacterial infections are caused by bacteria and can often be treated with antibiotics, while viral infections are caused by viruses and usually do not respond to antibiotics.
What does "prescription" mean?
Medicine recommended by a doctor
What does “assist” mean in a surgical setting, and why is it a false cognate?
“Assist” means to help or support, such as assisting a surgeon, and does not imply “attending” or “being present,” as its false cognate in Portuguese (“assistir”) might suggest.
What is a “biopsy”?
A biopsy is a procedure to remove a small piece of tissue for examination.
What is the term that defines the movement that away from the midline of the body?
Abduction
How does hypertension increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases?
Hypertension puts extra strain on the heart and blood vessels, leading to damage over time, which increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure.
What does "remission" mean in the context of diseases?
A period during which the symptoms of a disease decrease or temporarily disappear.
Why is “comprehensive examination” often misinterpreted by Portuguese speakers?
“Comprehensive examination” means a thorough and detailed examination, not a simple “understanding” as the cognate “compreensivo” might imply in Portuguese.
What is a desfibrillator?
A desfibrillator delivers an electric shock to the heart to restore normal rhythm.
Anatomical term that refers to structures or parts of the body that are located on the same side of the body
Ipsilateral
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells, requiring insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is related to insulin resistance and is often linked to lifestyle factors like diet and exercise.
What does "prognosis" mean?
The expected course of a disease
What is the proper medical context for the term “ambulatory,” and why can it cause confusion?
“Ambulatory” refers to care provided on an outpatient basis or the ability of a patient to walk, not a vehicle used for medical transport (“ambulância” in Portuguese).
What is a “dialysis”?
Is a procedure to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are no longer functioning properly.