Nutrition 1
The nurse is helping an adult, English-speaking client understand a newly prescribed diet. What is the best approach when selecting appropriate educational materials for the client?
a. Provide materials designed to accommodate various reading abilities.
b. Find as many materials as possible related to the diet.
c. Provide written materials in a variety of languages.
d. Ask the client whether or not they need supplemental materials.
a. Educational materials should be developed so that readers with lower literacy levels can understand the content.
According to the MyPlate model, which macronutrient comprises the largest part of the plate for an adult?
Protein
Fruits and vegetables
Grains
Dairy
According to MyPlate, carbohydrates (fruits and vegetables) comprise the largest portion of the plate
Which symptoms may the nurse observe in a client who has low protein intake?
a. Nosebleeds
b. Diminished peripheral pulses
c. Dry, scaly skin
d. Edema in the lower extremities
d. Edema in the lower extremities
A clear liquid diet has been prescribed for a client with gastroenteritis. Which item is appropriate to offer to the client?
a. Soft custard
b. Orange juice
c. Clam chowder
d. Fat free beef broth
d. Fat free beef broth
The process of digestion begins in the
a. esophagus
c. mouth
b. stomach
d. small intestine
c. mouth
Which symptoms would be anticipated if a client with lactose intolerance consumes dairy products? Select all that apply.
a. Vomiting
b. Bloating
c. Gas
d. Diarrhea
e. Severe right lower quadrant pain
b. Bloating
c. Gas
d. Diarrhea
Dairy products such as milk, yogurt, and cheese can interfere with certain medications. these antibiotics may bind to the calcium in milk, forming an insoluble substance in the stomach and upper small intestine that the body is unable to absorb. Name 3 of these antibiotics.
What are tetracycline, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin?
These antibiotics may bind to the calcium in milk, forming an insoluble substance in the stomach and upper small intestine that the body is unable to absorb.
Which mineral is needed to prevent osteoporosis from occurring?
a. iron
c. zinc
b. magnesium
d. calcium
d. calcium
The major source of energy for the body is provided by
a. water
c. carbohydrates
b. vitamins
d. minerals
c. carbohydrates
Patients should avoid eating or drinking this kind of juice while taking this medications. What the name of the medication and fruit?
Grapefruit and Grapefruit Juice + Statins
Which substance is typically added to the diet of a client diagnosed with alcoholism?
a. Potassium
b. Riboflavin
c. Folic acid
d. Thiamine
d. Thiamine
When discussing present physical activity, the client tells the nurse “I do casual walking 3 to 5 times per week and light housework.” Which description fits the activity level for the client?
a. Sedentary lifestyle
b. Light intensity
c. Moderate physical activity
d. Vigorous activity
c. Moderate physical activity
THINK:
*Low intensity: You can talk and sing without puffing
*Moderate intensity: You can comfortably talk, but not sing
*Vigorous intensity: You can't say more than a few words without gasping for breath
Examples of low cholesterol food(s) include:
a. poached eggs
c. whole wheat toast with jelly
b. buttermilk biscuits
d. boiled shrimp
c. whole wheat toast with jelly
Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
a. Vitamin K
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin A
d. Vitamin E
b. Vitamin B12
It may be necessary to give vitamin K.
a. to patients with faulty fat absorption
b. to a patient after extensive antibiotic therapy
c. as an antidote for an overdose of a blood thinner
d. for any of these conditions
c. as an antidote for an overdose of a blood thinner
Which vitamin is essential for maintaining a healthy immune system?
a. vitamin B12
c. alpha-tocopherol
b. vitamin A
d. cholecalciferol
What is Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)?
Name the 4 major electrolytes.
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
An increased intake of this nutrient directly or eaten, can antagonize the anticoagulant effect and prevent this drug from working. What is the name of that vitamin and medication?
What Vitamin K-Rich Foods + Warfarin?
What are the There are six (6) classes of nutrients? and are their function for the body?
What nutrient is called "The building blocks of life"?
Protein > amino acids
A nurse planning nutritional instructions for a client experiencing fatigue due to iron deficiency anemia which of the following best foods should the nurse recommend to the client? Select all that apply?
a. meats
b. vit C
c. fruits
d. eggs
e. fish
a. meats b. vit C
This food category contains tyramine, which has been associated with a dangerous increase in blood pressure among patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAIOs) and certain medications for Parkinson’s disease. What id the food category and medication?
What are Pickled, Cured meat , and Fermented Foods + MAIOs?
Which of the following client statements should prompt the nurse to screen the client for food insecurity?
a. “I don’t have a steady income.”
b. “My oven does not work well.”
c. “Sometimes my food expires before I can eat it.”
d. “I don’t know any heart-healthy recipes.”
a. “I don’t have a steady income.”. Clients who do not have a steady income may not be able to get food when needed. These clients should be screened for food insecurity.
A middle-aged client with a history of alcohol use disorder is admitted to an acute care setting with symptoms of severe anemia. The nurse anticipates what nutrient(s) to be deficient?
Iron
Vitamin B12
Calcium
Copper
a. Iron. Alcohol use is known to have a direct effect on iron levels.
The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client with anemia related to is known to have a direct effect on iron levels . The nurse suggests which of the following food items be increased in the client’s diet?
Animal meat, fish, eggs, and dairy
Beans, seeds, and nuts
Dark green leafy vegetables
Citrus fruits and acidic raw vegetables
a. Animal meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. Animal-based foods like meat, fish, poultry, and eggs are rich in heme iron But dairy should be limited.
What foods contain a good amount of protein?
Eggs
Greek yogurt
Lean beef
Tuna
Tofu
Pork
What fluids are measured when a patient has an order for Intake and Output?
Every liquid in and out must be measured!! Output-measuring urine output, vomit, wound drain, ostomy drainage.
List the food groups least amount of carbohydrates?
seafood - shrimp, crabs, fish
veggies - greens, cabbage, bell papers
meats - red meats, turkey,
water - unsweetened tea/coffee
nuts - peanuts butter, almonds, pumpkins seeds
How would a nurse address feeding of a visually impaired patient?
Most learn to eat without assistance; may need
to feed client if blindness is temporary; describe
location of food as if were on face of clock; warn
about very hot foods; cut food into small pieces
What does a protein breakdown too?
amino acids
What is Dysphagia and what would be some of the nurse intervention priorities?
*Difficulty swallowing
*consult with speech therapist for proper consistency of food;
*diets range from thick liquids only to solid foods and
*thick liquids; liquids may be nectar or honey thick;
*consult with dietitian to ensure the diet is
nutritionally adequate;
*elevate head of bed, feed client slowly, patient should perform chin tuck when
*swallowing; encourage swallowing after each portion of food
According to the MyPlate model, which macronutrient comprises the largest part of the plate for an adult?
a. Protein
b. Fruits and vegetables
c. Grains
d. Dairy
b. Fruits and vegetables - According to MyPlate, carbohydrates (fruits and vegetables) comprise the largest portion of the plate.
Name the 2 classification of carbohydrates?
simple carbs - monosaccharides
complex carbs - polysaccharides
The older population require more fat in their diets? true or false
false - Excessive fat intake can contribute to health concerns like heart disease and obesity, which are already higher risks for older adults.
Why is fiber important to our body?
* moves stool
* fill fuller when we eat
* can lower the risk of heart disease
What is a therapeutic diet and why is it used?
*Is a prescribed diet that is part of treatment plan to control nutrients in foods.
Types of therapeutic diets
List a few foods that can interfere with some medications.
* grapefruit - statins - can cause an increase in the statins med (stay in body longer)
* calcium - antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline, cipro) - it can bind to the them making it unable to be absorbed
* vitamin K - can make warfarin less effective, less time it takes for the blood to clot
Is the following statement true or false?
The nurse should always ensure each client’s meal
tray has the correct food before going into the room
with it.
True
List 3 things water does to help the body.
* regulates body temperature
*transport nutrients, oxygen and removes waste
* moistens skin, eyes mouth joints & digestive tract
What are some foods contain vitamin D?
*Salmon, mackerel, and sardines
*Fortified foods: Breakfast cereals
*milks, Orange juice, Broccoli, Egg yolks
*sunlight