Chapter 9
「どうやら、あなたが私が自分のキャリアを優先していてと思って、拒絶されたと感じているのよね。これがあなたの感じ方よね？もしそうなら、あなたが傷つき怒っている理由がわかるわ。」
(A ) you think I’ve (p ) my career first and you feel (r ). Is this (t ) (w ) you feel? If so, I could understand why you feel hurt and angry.”
(Apparently) you think I’ve (put) my career first and you feel (rejected). Is this (the) (way) you feel? If so, I could understand why you feel hurt and angry.”
“Organic”: in less than a century, the (t ) has become a symbol of quality and tradition. Nowadays, we are offered a (w ) of organic products never imagined by organic (p ). In recent years, products have appeared in shopping areas and superstores (c ) to be “100% organic,” or to contain “no artificial (a ).”
“Organic”: in less than a century, the (term) has become a symbol of quality and tradition. Nowadays, we are offered a (wealth) of organic products never imagined by organic (pioneers). In recent years, products have appeared in shopping areas and superstores (claiming) to be “100% organic,” or to contain “no artificial (additives).”
「どうしてテストに失敗したの？作文の問題にはちゃんと[適切に]答えた？」[2023千葉大・前期]
( ) ( ) you failed the test? Did you answer the essay question (p )?
(How) (come) you failed the test? Did you answer the essay question (properly)?
「司祭がいなくなると、宗教儀式を執り行う責任を負った都市の行政官たちは、首尾一貫した教義よりも華やかさや見せ場を重視するようになった。」[2017早稲田大・文]
Without (p ), the city magistrates, who became (r ) for conducting religious (r ), cared more for splendor and spectacle than for (c ) doctrine.
Without (priests), the city magistrates, who became (responsible) for conducting religious (rituals), cared more for splendor and spectacle than for (coherent) doctrine.
「
おそらく気づいているだろうが、あなたが自分に同意するように相手を説得しようとすればするほど、相手はより口論的(ああいえばこう言う状態)になる。」
You’ve probably noticed that ( ) ( ) you try to (p ) the other person to (a ) with you, ( ) ( ) (a ) he or she (b ).
You’ve probably noticed that (the) (more) you try to (persuade) the other person to (agree) with you, (the) (more) (argumentative) he or she (becomes).
In recent years, public demand ( ) these products has increased enormously, (d ) by scares over the possible health risks of chemical (p ). However, the debate continues ( ) whether or not these risks really (e ). Both sides present evidence from scientific studies.
In recent years, public demand (for) these products has increased enormously, (driven) by scares over the possible health risks of chemical (pesticides). However, the debate continues (over) whether or not these risks really (exist). Both sides present evidence from scientific studies.
「完璧主義は安定した人格特性であり、そのため変えることは難しい。」[2015広島大・前期]
Perfectionism is a (s ) (p ) trait and, as ( ), it is difficult to change.
Perfectionism is a (stable) (personality) trait and, as (such), it is difficult to change.
「「親しい」と「とても親しい」の境界が自分にはかなり曖昧に感じられたため、再び直接的な命令形を使わないことにした。」[2016東北大]
Since the (b ) between being close and very close seemed fairly (o ) to me, I decided not to use a straight imperative again.
Since the (boundary) between being close and very close seemed fairly (obscure) to me, I decided not to use a straight imperative again.
「友人や配偶者との口論の間、あなたは自分が正しいという強い確信を持つことがあるために相手の視点を分かろうとしないかもしれない。」
During an (a ) with a friend or your (s ), you may have (s ) a powerful (c ) that you are right (t ) you don’t try to see the other person’s (p ) of view.
During an (argument) with a friend or your (spouse), you may have (such) a powerful (conviction) that you are right (that) you don’t try to see the other person’s (point) of view.
Recently, a study that tested 957 non-organic foods found that 203 still had some pesticides, including nearly all of the bread tested. (W ) the study claimed that the amounts found were safe, other scientists say our understanding of the effects of pesticides ( ) human health is still very (l ).
Recently, a study that tested 957 non-organic foods found that 203 still had some pesticides, including nearly all of the bread tested. (While) the study claimed that the amounts found were safe, other scientists say our understanding of the effects of pesticides (on) human health is still very (limited).
「言語は私たち人間にとってあまりに自然なものに思えるため、それが私たちだけのものであるという事実を受け入れるのは難しい。それは意識的に作られた人工的なものではなく、木が育ち鳥が歌うのと同じように事象の秩序の一部であるかのように感じられる。しかし、他のどの種もそれに類するものを持っているようには見えない。」[2021お茶女大・前期]
Language seems so natural to us humans that it's hard to ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) the fact that it is ours alone. It does not feel consciously (d ), artificial, but as much part of the order of things as trees growing or birds singing. But no other species seems to have anything like it.
Language seems so natural to us humans that it's hard to (come) (to) (terms) (with) the fact that it is ours alone. It does not feel consciously (devised), artificial, but as much part of the order of things as trees growing or birds singing. But no other species seems to have anything like it.
「プログラムや政策は、しばしば乾燥地帯の環境に体系的な損害を与え、それを持続可能に利用してきた多くの先住民を疎外してきた。」（2017・京都大）
programs and policies have often systematically damaged dryland environments and (m ) large numbers of (i ) peoples, many of (w ) had been using the land sustainably.
programs and policies have often systematically damaged dryland environments and (marginalized) large numbers of (indigenous) peoples, many of (whom) had been using the land sustainably.
「彼女は間違いを犯している自分が正しく、彼が間違っていることを示唆してしまうという。彼女が彼に否定した瞬間に、彼が正しいことを証明してしまっているのだ。」
she has (m ) the mistake ( ) (s ) that she’s right and he’s wrong about this. ( ) (m ) she (c ) him, she (p ) that he’s right.
she has (made) the mistake (of) (suggesting) that she’s right and he’s wrong about this. (The) (moment) she (contradicts) him, she (proves) that he’s right.
It’s easy to forget that (w ) (i ) farming methods, we simply ( ) have so much cheap food. Are we (p ) to give up meat every day and return to having it less (f ) like our grandparents did?
It’s easy to forget that (without) (industrial) farming methods, we simply (wouldn't) have so much cheap food. Are we (prepared) to give up meat every day and return to having it less (frequently) like our grandparents did?
「いわゆるオープンプランは、内部の間仕切り壁の建設が少なくて済むため、一般的に建設費が安く、19世紀に遡る住宅やアパートにも見られる。」[2020都立大・前期]
So-called open plans are generally less costly to build because they require construction of fewer interior partition walls, and they can be found in houses and apartments (d ) ( ) the nineteenth century.
So-called open plans are generally less costly to build because they require construction of fewer interior partition walls, and they can be found in houses and apartments (dating) (from) the nineteenth century.
「このようなステレオタイプ化は、女性ムスリムが社会的な無視、さらには他国で見られるような暴力や迫害のリスクを高める可能性がある。あらゆる形態のメディアがこれらの問題に取り組む必要があり、ニュースの配信方法について根本から徹底的な見直しが求められる。」[2023北海道大]
Such stereotyping could put female Muslims at increased risk from social neglect or even, as has been seen in other countries, violence and (p ). All forms of media must (a ) these issues, and there needs to be a (t ) review from the ground up regarding the way that news is (d )
Such stereotyping could put female Muslims at increased risk from social neglect or even, as has been seen in other countries, violence and (persecution). All forms of media must (address) these issues, and there needs to be a (thorough) review from the ground up regarding the way that news is (distributed)
伊之助の名言「弱気なこと言ってんじゃねぇ！」を埋めよ。
Don't (d ) on such weak thoughts!
Don't (dwell) on such weak thoughts!