Easy-peasy
Key elements of Scientific Management
Time/motion studies, scientific selection and training, standartization of work
What could be drawback of Taylorism?
increased job dissatisfaction, unreasonable expectations from managers who believed that as performance improved workers should do even more work for the same pay, concerns among workers that advances in productivity would reduce the number of workers required and eventually lead to employers pushing to reduce their workforces through layoffs
Fayol's five functions of management
Planning
organizing
Commanding
Coordinating
Controlling
fayol's 14 prinsiples of management
Division of Work,Authority and Responsibility,Discipline,Unity of Command,Unity of Direction,Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest,Remuneration, Centralization, Scalar Chain (Line of Authority), Order,Equity, Stability of Tenure of Personnel, Initiative,Team Spirit
Human relations school
The Human Relations School of management theory, which emerged in the early 20th century, primarily focuses on the importance of human behavior, motivation, and interpersonal relationships in the workplace. The aim of the Human Relations School is to emphasize the social and psychological aspects of work and the significance of employee well-being in improving organizational performance.
Maslow's hierarchy needs theory
Physciological needs, safety needs, belongingnes and love needs, esteem needs, self-actualization
Hawthorne studies
The first phase of the Hawthorne studies was called the illumination study, and it sought to measure the impact of light upon productivity. The study was inconclusive because there were too many variables other than light that could have affected worker productivity. The researchers had difficulty understanding why productivity increased.
Contingency school.
The contingency school changed this by proposing that there are no universal rules in management. External and internal factors create unique situations, and each situation requires a different response. What is the most appropriate response in one situation may not work in another.
Japanese Management Model
Collectivism and Teamwork:
Lifetime Employment:
Consensus Decision-Making (Ringi System):
Continuous Improvement (Kaizen):
Just-in-Time (JIT) Production:
Western European Management Model
Social Partnership, Work-Life Balance, Decentralized Decision-Making, Stakeholder Focus, Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility
Key differences between foreign management models
Each model reflects the societal values and economic systems of its region. Japanese management is characterized by a strong emphasis on teamwork and long-term planning, Western European management is more balanced and stakeholder-focused with a strong commitment to labor rights, while the American model is driven by individualism, results, and innovation.
What is kaizen? Principles of Kaizen
It refers to a philosophy and set of practices that focus on continuous, incremental improvements in all aspects of an organization, from processes to employee behavior and company culture. Kaizen encourages everyone in the organization to look for ways to improve their work continuously. Continuous Improvement, Employee Involvement, Standardization, Quality Control
What is Lean Management
Lean Management is a methodology that focuses on maximizing value by minimizing waste within a production system. It originated from the Toyota Production System and has since been widely adopted in many industries.
The 5 Lean Principles
Value, Value Stream, Flow, Pull, Perfection
What is radical innovation? Give examples!
Radical innovation refers to the creation of entirely new products, services, or technologies that significantly change existing industries or create entirely new ones. It often involves groundbreaking technological advances or shifts in business models.
Tell the difference between Radical, Sustaining, Transformational and Disruptive innovations. Give examples for each!
Creation of entirely new technologies/products that disrupt industries.
Incremental improvements to existing products or services.
Large-scale changes that reshape industries or systems.
Affordable and simpler innovations that eventually disrupt established markets.
"X" and "Y" theory of D. McGregor.
Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy, unmotivated, and dislike work. Based on these assumptions, management is likely to adopt a more authoritarian and controlling approach to supervision.
Key assumptions of Theory X:
Theory Y assumes that employees are self-motivated, responsible, and capable of taking on significant responsibilities. It highlights the importance of providing opportunities for growth and development in the workplace.
Key assumptions of Theory Y:
Describe 5 functions of management
Planning, organizing, coordinating, motivation, controlling
The concept of organizations
An organization is a structured group of individuals who come together to achieve common goals or objectives. It can refer to businesses, non-profits, governments, or any other group that works together to accomplish shared purposes. Organizations can vary greatly in terms of size, structure, and objectives, but they typically share certain key elements:
Describe the Life Cycle of the Organization
The life cycle of an organization refers to the stages an organization goes through as it grows, matures, and possibly declines. The stages often include birth, growth, maturity, and sometimes decline or renewal.