How do you know that branches on a phylogenetic tree indicate that organisms are closely related?
They can be traced back to a common ancestor or have close proximity.
Watson and Crick determined that DNA runs ______________ and that replication is _______________, indicating that each strand serves as a template.
antiparallel
semiconservative
List the names of the phases of MITOSIS in order.
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
In human gametes, there is half the # of chromosomes making these cells _____________, whereas in somatic cells, there are 2 sets of chromosomes making these cells __________.
haploid, diploid
Term for a gene with 2 different alleles. For example, Aa.
heterozygous
Give one function of prokaryotes/bacteria in the biosphere.
decomposing, nitrogen-fixation, mutualistic relationships, parasites, photosynthetic autotrophs
Name of the female who really discovered the structure of DNA was a double helix.
Rosalind Franklin
Type of cells that undergo mitosis
SOMATIC CELLS
During which phase of Meiosis does crossing over occur? (Be specific)
PROPHASE 1
Blood typing is an example of _________________.
CODOMINANCE
Which taxon shares certain traits with bacteria and other traits with eukaryOTes, while possessing many unique characterists.
aRCHea
What are the segments of DNA called that are synthesized on the lagging strand away from the replication fork , that are joined together by ligase afterwards.
Okasaki
Name of the process that occurs at the end of mitosis when 2 new cells form.
CYTOKINESIS
How many daughter cells form by the end of Meiosis 2?
4
If a mother with blood type O has children with a father with blood type AB, what is the phenotype ratio for the child?
1/2 type A blood, 1/2 type B blood
Most bacteria cause diseases making them ________________ and can be treated with ____________.
PATHOGENIC, ANTIBIOTICS
What RNA codon/sequence always codes for start?
AUG or Met
During which phase of Mitosis do chromosomes move away towards opposite poles?
ANAPHASE
Other than crossing over, name one factor that accounts for genetic diversity?
Random fertilization
-223 possibilities =8.4million possible chromosomes combinations
or INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
Why did Gregor Mendel choose to study pea plants?
visible traits, easy to grow, they grow fast
_____________ are eukaryotes and are no longer classified as single kingdom. Mitochondria and plastids are thought to be descendants of bacteria and were engulfed by other cells that became endosymbionts. The plastid bearing lineage evolved into ___________.
PROTISTS,
(RED AND GREEN) ALGAE
The function of ___________ is to bring the amino acids and place them in the correct position to create the desired protein.
tRNA
Name of the region of a chromosome where 2 sister chromatids are joined is called the
CENTROMERE
How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AABbCcDDEe?
1/4 X 1/2 X 1/2 X 14/4 X 1/2=1/128