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The three key elements of the scientific attitude.
What is curiosity, skepticism, and humility?
The definition of a hypothesis.
What is a testable question derived from a theory?
Does not receive the experimental treatment and serves as a baseline for comparison.2
What is a control group
What is non-numerical vs. numerical data?
The type of statistics summarizes and describes characteristics of a data set.
What are descriptive statistics?
The "I knew it all" phenomenon.
What is hindsight bias?
What is to verify the reliablility of the findings of a study?
Occurs when participants experience perceived changes due to expectations rather than the treatment itself, potentially skewing results.
What is the Placebo effect
The importance of informed consent.
What is to ensure participants understand the study and what they are signing up for?
The three measures of central tendency.
What are mean, median, and mode?
Perceiving order in random events.
What is to make sure a hypothesis can be tested possibly disproven?
Measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables, ranging from -1.00 to +1.00.2
What is a correlation coefficient
The definition of debreifing.
What is the post-experimental explanation of a study?
The symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution in statistics?
What is the normal curve?
You flip a coin five times, and it lands on heads each time. Someone says it’s "destined" to land tails next. The psychological phenomenon that explains this belief.
What is perceiving order in random events?
A researcher measures happiness by the number of times someone smiles. The definition this scenario describes.
What is operational definition?
A researcher finds a strong correlation between ice cream sales and drowning incidents. What type of correlation might this represent?
What is Illusory correlation
These provide the intellectual framework and guiding principles that shape how we approach and understand a specific phenomenon or field of study.
What are theoretical principles?
This type of distribution lacks symmetry around its average value.
What is skewed distribution?
A scientist claims their findings are correct without providing evidence. The missing scientific attitude in this statement.
Skepticism
The importance of random sampling.
What is to make sure that every member of a population has an equal chance of being included?
Neither participants nor researchers know who receives the treatment, reducing bias from expectations or experimenter influence.
What is the double blind procedure
The role of an Institutional Review Board in psychological research.
What is to ensure ethical guidelines are met?
A teacher states that students' test scores improved because of a new teaching method. These statistical measures can confirm the claim.
What are measures of central tendency and inferential statistics?