Descriptive Statistics
This measure of central tendency represents the middle value in an ordered data set.
What is the median?
This term refers to two events such that the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the other.
What are independent events?
This term describes a sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
What is simple random sampling?
This is the result of a hypothesis test when the p-value is less than the significance level.
What is rejecting the null hypothesis?
This statistical measure indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.
What is the correlation coefficient?
This statistic is calculated by taking the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set.
What is the range?
The sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes in a sample space must always equal this value.
What is 1?
This sampling method involves selecting every nth individual from a population.
What is systematic random sampling?
This hypothesis represents the idea that there is no effect, no difference, or no relationship in a study or experiment.
What is the null hypothesis?
This term refers to the predicted value of the dependent variable in a regression equation when the independent variable equals zero.
What is the y-intercept?
This measure of central tendency is calculated by summing all values in a data set and dividing by the number of values.
What is the mean?
If two events cannot occur at the same time, they are described as this type of event.
What is disjoint?
This technique involves dividing the population into subgroups and then taking a random sample from each subgroup.
What is stratified random sampling?
The error that occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.
What is a Type I error?
This value of the correlation coefficient indicates a perfect positive linear relationship between two variables.
What is +1?
This is the spread of the middle 50% of values in a data set, and is calculated as the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles.
What is the IQR?
This is the probability that event A will occur, given that event B has already occurred.
What is conditional probability?
This is a type of non-random sampling where participants volunteer to be part of the sample.
The probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as, or more extreme than, the value observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
What is the p-value?
This measure, often used in regression analysis, is the square of the correlation coefficient, and represents the proportion of variation in one variable that is explained by the other.
What is the coefficient of determination (R2)?
This is a type of plot used to visually identify outliers, showing individual points that fall outside the typical range.
What is a boxplot?
This principle states that the probability of the union of two events is the sum of their individual probabilities, minus the probability of their intersection.
What is the general addition rule?
This type of bias occurs when some members of the population are left out of the sampling process.
What is undercoverage?
This term refers to the probability of making a Type I error.
What is the significance level?
This is the line that best fits a scatterplot of data in linear regression.
What is the least squares line?