Acid-Base Imbalances
What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
Hypoventilation.
What is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Dehydration.
What is a common symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Shortness of breath.
What is the normal range for blood pressure?
120/80 mmHg.
What is the primary use of digoxin?
To treat heart failure.
Name two signs of metabolic alkalosis.
Confusion and muscle cramps.
Name a dietary restriction for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Low sodium intake.
Which breathing technique is helpful for clients with COPD?
Pursed-lip breathing.
What medication is commonly used to treat hypertension?
ACE inhibitors.
Which class of medications is used to reduce cholesterol levels?
Statins.
What compensatory mechanism is used in metabolic acidosis?
Increased respiratory rate to expel CO2.
What is the best indicator of kidney function?
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation.
What are common signs of heart failure?
Shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue.
What are common side effects of beta-blockers?
Bradycardia and hypotension.
What ABG results would indicate metabolic acidosis?
Low pH and low HCO3-.
Which medication is often used to lower high potassium levels in CKD patients?
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate).
Name two risk factors for developing pneumonia.
Smoking, immobility, weakened immune system, hospitalizations, age, chronic lung disease, and aspiration are among some common risks associated with pneumonia.
What is the priority nursing intervention for a client with chest pain?
Administer oxygen and monitor vital signs.
Which medication is used to treat severe allergic reactions?
Epinephrine.
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with metabolic acidosis?
Hyperkalemia.
What is a serious complication of hemodialysis?
Hypotension.
Which test is used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB)?
Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST)
What is the therapeutic INR range for clients on warfarin?
2.0-3.0.
What is the purpose of insulin in diabetes management?
To lower blood glucose levels.