Timeline
When was the earliest manuscripts in old English written?
700 CE
Written by Micheal Halliday; language changes based on the needs of its users
Functional theory
What is Borrowing? (language)
Loan words; used with prefixes and suffixes
What is Graphology?
What Term is used to describe the meaning of words?
Semantics
Present day late modern English time period
1800 CE -
Bandura, Mackintosh, Hartl and Clark; language changes through socialization and engagement with others (Horizontal, Vertical, Oblique)
Cultural transmission theory
Telescoping
Lexis?
The words in a language
What is Broadening?
Process where a word expands from its original meaning and becomes more general
When was the Roman invasion of England?
43 CE
Charles Hockett; Changes happen randomly and spread
Random fluctuation theory
Term to describe Initial letters of a series of words which are said together as a full word.
Acronymisation
Term to describe the pronunciation and sound patterns of words to understand them
Phonology
What is narrowing?
When a word becomes more specific and less general
When did Scandinavian vikings attack and settle in northern England
793 CE
Study by Labov of Jewish communities; how pronunciation spreads from different communities to create the distinctive NY accent
Substratum theory
Term to describe words created from a longer, already existing word (Telephone to phone)
Backformation
What is the Social context and meaning of words and phrases?
Pragmatics
What is Amelioration?
When a word becomes more positive
When did William of Normandy Conquer England?
1066 CE
Many languages trace back to many smaller, proto-languages.
Tree Model
What is it called to form a new word from an existing word? Often by adding a prefix or suffix (Happy to Happiness)
Derivation
What is the structure and building blocks of words called?
Morphology
Process in which a word becomes more negative over time
Pejoration