Category: Viral Diagnosis
What is hepatitis A virus (HAV)?
This virus, causing acute liver inflammation, is diagnosed by detecting anti-HAV IgM in serum during the acute phase.
What is the fecal-oral route?
Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through this route and is preventable with proper hygiene and vaccination
What are non-enveloped (naked) viruses?
Hepatitis A and E viruses are both part of this class of viruses that lack a lipid envelope
What is ELISA?
This simple lab test can quickly identify rotavirus antigens in stool samples.
What is IgM?
This immunoglobulin is produced during the early stages of infection with hepatitis A or E.
What is hepatitis E virus (HEV)?
This virus, responsible for waterborne hepatitis outbreaks, is identified through RT-PCR for viral RNA in stool or blood
What is hepatitis E virus (HEV)?
Consuming untreated water or poorly cooked pork can lead to infection with this hepatitis virus
What is single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)?
This type of nucleic acid is found in both Noroviruses and Astroviruses.
What are hepatitis E and Norovirus?
RT-PCR is used to detect RNA in these two hepatitis viruses.
What is cell-mediated immunity?
This branch of immunity is critical in clearing non-enveloped viruses like Rotavirus and Norovirus.
What is a latex agglutination test?
This diagnostic tool for rotavirus infection uses latex agglutination tests for rapid antigen detection in stool.
What is Norwalk virus (Norovirus)?
This virus, responsible for "stomach flu," is spread via contaminated food, water, and surfaces in crowded environments.
What is a wheel-like structure?
Rotavirus has this characteristic shape, giving it its name.
What is Rotavirus?
Electron microscopy can be used to visualize this virus due to its unique wheel-like appearance.
What are VP4 and VP7?
Rotavirus vaccines induce protection by generating immunity to these structural proteins.
What is RT-PCR?
Calicivirus infections are confirmed during outbreaks using this molecular technique, targeting viral RNA in fecal specimens.
What is Rotavirus?
A vaccine to protect against this virus has significantly reduced childhood deaths due to diarrhea worldwide.
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What is the Calicivirus family?
Noroviruses belong to this viral family, which is characterized by small, round, non-enveloped structures.
What is RT-PCR?
Noroviruses are often diagnosed retrospectively during outbreaks using this method
What is high genetic variability?
Norovirus infections often fail to provide long-term immunity because of this characteristic.
What is Astrovirus?
This virus, often seen in pediatric gastroenteritis, can be visualized using negative-stain electron microscopy on stool samples.
What are Astroviruses?
These viruses, responsible for mild gastroenteritis, are particularly common in daycare settings due to fecal-oral transmission.
What is the Hepeviridae family?
Hepatitis E virus belongs to this viral family, which includes viruses with positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes
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