A
?Which adaptation is voluntary by the decision maker
Autonomous Adaptation
Reference from which an alternate outcome can be measured similar to a control run in a field experiment.
Baseline
Refers to variations of the climate due to natural processes or anthropogenic (external variability).
Climate variability
Conversion of forest to non-forest land, such as cropland.
Deforestation
This event has a great impact on the wind, sea surface temperature and precipitation patterns in the tropical Pacific where temperatures warm and weaken the trade winds.
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Planting of new forests on lands that historically have not contained forests.
Afforestation
Transfer of carbon from one carbon pool to another in units of measurement of mass per unit area and time.
Carbon Flux
A projection of the response of the climate system to emission or concentration scenarios of greenhouse gases and aerosols, or radiative forcing scenarios
Climate projection
The process of demonstrating that climate has changed in some defined without providing a reason for that change.
Detection
What is the opposite, cold phase of ENSO?
La Niña
Positive or negative value indicating amount of departure from an average value.
Anomaly
Process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere—trees and plants store it in biomass (trunks, branches, foliage, roots) and soil
Carbon sequestration
A plausible representation of future climate state constructed for investigating the potential consequences of anthropogenic climate change
Climate scenario
Process that refines global climate projections to regional and local scales to generate more relevant projections of long-term weather patterns for regions, states, and cities.
Downscaling climate models
A representation of the future emissions of potentially radiatively active substances such as greenhouse gases
Emission scenario
Emissions of greenhouse gases released by human activities - burning of fossil fuels, land-use changes, livestock, and fertilization.
Anthropogenic emissions
Defined as the average weather.
climate
An abrupt shift or jump in mean values signaling a change in climate regime.
Climate shift
A prolonged absence or deficiency of precipitation that results in water shortage or a period of abnormally dry weather
Drought
The difference between the total incoming and total outgoing energy in the climate system. Zero balance means that the amount of incoming solar radiation equals the sum of the outgoing reflected solar radiation
Energy balance
The process of establishing the most likely causes for the detected change with some defined level of confidence.
Attribution
Statistically detectable changes of climate variables that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.
Climate change
Consists of 5 major components: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the land surface and the biosphere, and the interactions between them.
Climate system
Agricultural drought relates to moisture deficits in the topmost 1m or so of soil also know as the _______ zone.
root
An agent outside the climate system causing a change in the climate system - volcanic eruptions, solar variations, black carbon
External forcing
What adaptation involves interventions by governments to address needs?
Planned Adaptation
A mathematical representation of the climate system that can be used as a research tool to study and simulate the climate to make monthly, seasonal, or annual climate projections.
Climate Model
A climate feedback involving changes in any of the properties of clouds as a response to other atmospheric changes.
Cloud feedback:
____________ drought is related to below-normal streamflow, lake and groundwater levels.
Hydrologic
An event that is rare at a particular place and time of year. An extreme weather event would normally be as rare as or rarer than the 10th or 90th percentile
Extreme weather event