Vocabulary
Armed Spaniards sought to conquer people and territories in the New World for the Spanish Crown.
Who are the conquistadors?
The exchange of diseases, animals, and plants between the Old and the New Wolds, named after Christopher Columbus, who initiated this contact.
What is the Columbian exchange?
This country exercised a powerful economic and cultural influence in the Indian Ocean exchange, safeguarding the Silk Road overland trade routes through Central Asia and the Middle East.
Who is China?
Although Portuguese, this explorer was backed by the Spanish Crown.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
This native empire of Mexico had a highly developed culture with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering well before the arrival of the Europeans.
Who are the Aztecs?
A small, maneuverable, two or three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave them a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
What is a caravel?
The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak from 1438 until 1533.
What is the Inca Empire?
This dynasty expanded the economy, population, and urbanization of China after the fall of the Mongols in 1368.
What is the Ming Dynasty?
European explorers wanted access to trade but to also spread this religion.
What is Christianity?
This vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco peaked from 1438-1533.
Who was the Inca Empire?
The name of the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
What are viceroyalties?
A large and complex Native American civilization in modern Mexico and Central America that possessed advanced mathematical, astronomical, and engineering technology.
What is the Aztec Empire?
The Akan transported this good across the Sahara by Arab and African traders on camels and sold in ports of North Africa.
What is gold?
These valuable trading goods were used not just for flavoring food but also in anointing oil, as incense for religious rituals, and as medicines, perfumes, and dyes in daily life.
What are spices?
The territory of Brazil contained no urban empires but had namadic and settled people among many small communities. These Europeans began arriving in the 1530's bringing sugarcane production.
Who are the Portuguese?
A system whereby the Spanish Crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food, shelter, and Christian teaching.
What is the encomeinda system?
This empire, whose capital was Cairo, was the center of Islamic learning and religious authority as well as a major hub for goods moving between the Indian Ocean trade world and the Mediterranean.
What is the Mamluk Empire?
These two major waterways linked the Indian Ocean trade world to the West.
What are the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf?
These two Northern European countries wanted to get in on the trade and exploration of the New World and voyaged to areas in what is now Canada.
Who are England and France?
This king created the Casa da India to expand into the spice and precious metals trade of the Indian Ocean.
King John II Portugal?
A 2nd-century work that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced the concepts of longitude and latitude.
What is Ptolemy's Geography?
A 1494 treaty that settled competing claims to newly discovered Atlantic territories by giving Spain everything to the west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
These two Italian city-states controlled the European luxury trade with the East.
What are Venice and Genoa?
This country began the European expansion by moving into existing trade systems and working with African rulers who benefited from this country's experienced armies.
Who is Portugal?
This young Indigenous woman acted as an interpreter and diplomatic guide to the Spanish.
Who is Dona Marina?