Cognitive Development
His four-stage theory of cognitive development is widely accepted among psychologists
Who is Piaget?
He is the Greek philosopher and physician who theorized that there were four basic personality types based on imbalances of bodily fluids.
Who is Hippocrates?
She is the psychologist known for the experiment with infants that is known as the "Strange Situation"
Who is Mary Ainsworth?
This type of anxiety occurs when a young infant encounters unknown individuals, even if the mother is present.
What is stranger anxiety?
In this, the first of Erikson's eight stages, if a child doe not receive the necessary care and attention, he or she will have difficulty forming trusting relationships later in life.
What is Trust vs. Mistrust?
During Piaget's fist stage of development, an infant develops this, which is the understanding that objects still exist even though they are out of sight.
What is object permanence?
His theory of personality revolves around three elements: the id, ego and superego
Who is Sigmund Freud?
In the Strange Situation experiment, she observed this many patterns of attachment.
What is three?
This type of anxiety occurs when a young infant is apart from her mother.
What is separation anxiety
In this stage, a person will gain a feeling of peace and fulfillment if they can look back at their life as meaningful.
What is Integrity vs. Despair?
These are the mental representations of the world that we develop and modify as we encounter various situations.
What are schemas
He is a German psychologist who developed an inkblot test to observe how people perceive things
Who is Herman Rorschach?
With this type of attachment, the child did not exhibit any stress or anger and welcomed back the mother when she returned.
What is secure attachment?
This is the term for a slip of the tongue which may reveal our repressed feelings about something
What is a Freudian slip?
In this stage, if children are encouraged by parents and teachers to develop skills, they will gain a feeling of competence and belief in their skills.
What is Industry vs. Inferiority?
An example of this is when a child who has only encountered small dogs modifies his/her idea of what a dog is after seeing a large dog.
What is accommodation?
He is known for observing the three stages of moral development.
Who is Lawrence Kohlberg?
With this type of attachment, the infant avoided or ignored the mother when she returned.
What is avoidant attachment?
Freud says that this part of our unconscious is the primitive and impulsive part of our psyche.
In this stage, if adolescents are allowed to explore their interests, values, and goals, they will form their own unique identity. Otherwise they will be unsure of who they are ean their place in the world
What is identity vs. Confusion?
It is in this final stage of development that a child gins to think abstractly and analytically.
What is the formal operational stage?
She developed an inventory that examines how people view gender differences.
Who is Sandra Bem?
With this type of attachment, the infant doesn't display stees when the mother leaves, but avoids her or reacts angrily when she returns.
What is resistant attachment?
This is a defense mechanism by which unacceptable, traumatic or anxiety producing thoughts and feelings are pushed into the unconscious. These may later find their way into consciousness through dreams.
What is repression?
Failure to successfully navigate this stage will lead to a child having a lack of confidence, fear of trying new things, and a sense of inadequacy about their abilities.
What is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt