Intro to memory
A fifth grader is asked to remember her second-grade teacher’s name. What measure of retention will she use?
Recall
What encoding strategy involves grouping information into meaningful units?
Chunking
What type of memory briefly retains sensory information like sights and sounds?
Sensory Memory
A researcher tests participants on material learned over time and finds those tested more frequently perform better than those who reread notes. What phenomenon is this?
Testing Effect
What memory issue occurs when someone remembers information but cannot recall its source?
Source Amnesia
What type of memory relates to future actions or events you intend to complete?
Prospective Memory
What learning strategy involves spreading out study sessions over time for better retention?
Spacing Effect
Dr. Pygmal investigates how people group similar concepts together based on their interrelations. What does Dr. Pygmal study?
Semantic Networks
What retrieval effect happens when a person’s emotional state matches the state during encoding?
mood-congruent memory
What defense mechanism involves unconsciously blocking distressing memories?
Repression
What memory model is a process that proposes sensory, then short-term, then long-term memory systems?
Multi-Store Model
Maria studies a list of 20 vocabulary words and remembers the first few and last few but struggles with the middle. What is this effect called?
Serial Position Effect
After witnessing a dramatic event, Jessica recalls every detail clearly years later. What type of memory does this illustrate?
Flashbulb Memory
A student remembers details of a lecture better when taking the test in the same classroom. What is this retrieval strategy called?
Context-dependent Memory
During an investigation, a witness incorrectly remembers details of an event after hearing misleading information. What is this effect called?
Misinformation Effect
What is the central control system in the working memory model that coordinates information?
Central Executive
John uses mental images of rooms in his house to remember the steps for solving a math problem. What mnemonic device is he using?
Method of Loci
Name both types of rehearsal techniques
Maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal
What retrieval process involves retrieving stored information by piecing together fragments or cues without the full context?
Reconstruction
Anna keeps calling her new coworker by the name of her old coworker. What memory issue is she experiencing?
Proactive interference
Which part of the working memory model processes visual and spatial information?
Visuospatial Sketchpad
The levels of processing model proposes that memory is encoded on three levels. List them from shallowest to deepest
Structural, phonemic, and semantic
Scientists study a condition in which people can recall nearly every detail of their lives. What is this phenomenon?
Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory
What term refers to the ability to think about and evaluate one's own thought processes?
Metacognition
What phenomenon describes the inability to retrieve information despite feeling that it is just out of reach?
Tip of the tongue phenomenon