UNIT 2
Who invented the phonograph?
BONUS: In what year?
ANSWER: Thomas Edison
BONUS: 1887
The Inca Ruler, Huayna Capac, passed from what disease and in what year?
ANSWER: Smallpox & 1525
Name one(or more) percussion instrument commonly used in Latin American music.
ANSWER: Conga, clave, timbales, pandeiro, guiro, or maracas.
What musical genre served as the foundation for jazz and evolved from hymns and work songs?
ANSWER: The blues.
hat does the term "pop music" stand for?
ANSWER: "Popular music"
What is the meaning of the acronym "MIDI"?
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
What was the Spaniards' main objective when colonializing the Colombians?
ANSWER: To obtain gold and silver.
What is the primary purpose of the rhythms played on the clave in Latin American music?
ANSWER: The rhythms played on the clave are the most important rhythmic figures and form the foundation of Latin American music.
Louis Armstrong was considered the “Father of Modern Jazz Improvisation" because of what tactics?
BONUS +100 pts: Imitate what tactics he used.
ANSWER: Scats and Swings
Name one key characteristic of a ballad and provide an example of a famous ballad.
ANSWER: Its slow tempo, often with storytelling elements. An example is "Yesterday" by The Beatles.
How do you use the Theremin?
ANSWER: It produces sounds through antennas that detect movement from nearby objects.
What was the significance(events) of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments during the Reconstruction period?
ANSWER: The 13th Amendment abolished slavery, the 14th Amendment granted citizenship to African-Americans, and the 15th Amendment granted African-American men the right to vote.
Describe how the guiro is played and the type of sound it produces.
ANSWER: The guiro is played by scraping the grooves on its surface with a stick, producing a rattling sound. It can also be struck with the stick to accentuate certain beats.
Where did the word "Jazz" originate from?
ANSWER: The word “jazz” actually came from the word “jass,” a slang word used in Storyville to denote sexual intercourse.
Who coined the term "rock & roll," and what genres influenced its development?
ANSWER: Alan Freed coined the term "rock & roll." It was influenced by blues and country music.
What does the Latin word alea, which inspired the term "aleatoric," mean?
BONUS +100 PTS: What is the role of the performer in chance music that uses graphic notation?
ANSWER: Dice
BONUS ANSWER: Performers interpret shapes, lines, and colors in the graphic notation as pitch, dynamics, and volume, making musical decisions based on the provided visual cues.
Explain the structure of a typical blues song, including the role of “blue notes” and the 12-bar blues format.
ANSWER: A typical blues song uses a 12-bar structure cycling through three chords and includes “blue notes,” which are altered notes in the scale. Each verse typically consists of three lines: two identical lines presenting an idea, followed by a third line responding to it.
Bossa Nova combines what type of Genres?
BONUS: It usually played in what time signature?
ANSWER: Samba and Jazz
BONUS: Syncopated 2/4 time
Who is considered the "King of Ragtime," and what is one of his most famous compositions?
ANSWER: Scott Joplin, known for "The Maple Leaf Rag."
How did disco transition from an underground dance scene to mainstream popularity in the 1970s?
ANSWER: Disco transitioned to mainstream popularity as artists like Gloria Gaynor, the Bee Gees, and Madonna brought disco to radios and popularized it through hits and soundtracks like Saturday Night Fever.
Describe the compositional process John Cage used in his piece Music of Changes.
Cage used the I Ching, an ancient Chinese divination method, to arrive at random numbers that dictated musical decisions such as tempo, duration, and dynamics.
Who is considered the "Father of the Blues" and "Queen of Soul"?
BONUS: Who were other famous artists known for using Soul and Blues?
ANSWER: W.C. Handy & Aretha Franklin
BONUS ANSWER: Little Richard, B.B. King, and Chuck Berry(Blues) Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder(Soul)
Compare and contrast rhumba and cha-cha in terms of their structure and rhythm.
ANSWER: Rhumba consists of three parts (introduction, improvised verses, call & response) and is a Cuban medium-to-fast song and dance. Cha-cha, also from Cuba, is set in 4/4 time with a vibrant, party-like rhythm counted as "1, 2, cha-cha-cha," developed as a derivative of mambo and rhumba.
An ordinary ensemble consists mainly of a rhythm section (guitar, bass, piano, and drums), a wind section (a group of saxophones), and brass instruments (trombones and trumpets). The number of musicians can vary from __ to ___
ANSWER: 10 to 25 musicians
What is the connection between Rock and Alternative Rock?
BONUS: What year was Rock and Alternative Rock recognized?
ANSWER: Alternative Rock is a pop music genre that was popular in the 1990s characterized by highly distorted guitars and served as a “response” to what rock music had become in the 1980s —glamorous and digitally-altered music.
BONUS ANSWER: 1980(Rock) & 1990(Alternative Rock)