Meiosis
The difference in product of spermatogenesis vs oogenesis.
4:1
A man has 6 fingers on each hand, this is a dominant trait. His wife and daughter have 5 fingers. What percent of this couple’s children would be expected to have extra fingers?
50%
We say DNA is this, because one strand runs opposite the other.
Anti-parallel
The reason a single gene can encode for more than one protein.
Alternative RNA Splicing
This leads to tortoiseshell cats, only females can be tortoiseshell for this reason
X inactivation
Chromosomes that carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristic, but are not identical.
Homologues (homologous pairs)
The term to explain the presence of a second gene that controls the expression of another gene.
Epistasis
A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
Transformation
The DNA that is spliced out during RNA splicing
Introns
If genes are linked, then this principle of Mendel's cannot occur.
Independent Assortment
This principle of Mendel's essentially explained the concept of meiosis.
Princ of Segregation
An example of codominance.
A and B blood type alleles
Special nucleotide sequences at ends of DNA that may be used to delay aging.
Telomeres
This is present at the end of the mature mRNA to prevent degradation of the code.
poly-A tail
P1 = TtBb x Ttbb, F1 phenotypes = ?
T=tall; t=short
B=brown; b=yellow
3 Tall, brown
3 Tall, yellow
1 short, brown
1 short, yellow
Inability of chromosomes to separate during division, perhaps leading to a genetic disorder.
Nondisjunction
If >50% of offspring have parental phenotype, then...
Linked genes
Hershey & Chase used this simple ‘creature’ to illustrate that DNA is the hereditary information of a cell.
In eukaryotes, a collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription
Transcription Factors
The reason O is the universal donor.
No antigens
This occurs at chiasmata.
Crossing Over
The formula for chi square.
∑ (o-e)2 / e
Explain what these 3 enzymes do: DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, and SSBs.
Synthesizes new DNA strand; removes primer and replaces with DNA nucleotides; stabilizes DNA strand to prevent it from re-joining
When transcription & translation occur at the same time.
In a prokaryotic (bacteria) cell
Methylation...
Epistasis