North
What is the name of the “line” that marked the division between the North and South?
The Mason Dixon Line.
What tradition were the members of the South’s upper classes devoted to?
Aristocracy
19th century invention allowing messages to be sent instantaneously accross long distances.
The Telegraph
Who invented "The Cotton Gin"
Eli Whitney
What was Doethea Dix known for?
Dorthea Dix was the woman known as an advocate for the reform of the prison system and for humane care of the mentally insane?
Name the Catholic bishop of New York City who opposed the Common School movement.
Bishop John Hughes
What kind of writing most flourished in the South?
Political writing flourished most in the South.
Who was Washington Irving, and for what is he known?
The first American writer to recieve widespread recognition both in the U.S. and Europe. He is known for "rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
In what year was Gold discovered in California, and where?
1848, and the American River near Sacramento
Who was the founder of the Common School movement
Horace Mann
What two ways were developed in the North to transport goods and people long distances
Canals and The Railroad
In what part of the South was that region’s most important cash crop, cotton, grown?
The Deep South
What were working conditions like for laborers in American factories before 1850?
Unsanitary, with long work hours and very low pay
What engineering achievement opened the Near West to settlement? How did this weaken the power and influence of the South?
The Erie Canal
Who were the factory owners who were praised for their efforts to reform conditions in factories?
Francis Cabot Lowell and Nathan Appleton
Name two inventions that came from the North before 1850
The Cotton Gin
The Sewing Machine
The Mechanical Reaper
The Electric Telegraph
Why were slave families not secure in the South?
Slave families were not secure because masters could seperate husbands from wives and children from their parents.
What reform movement did harsh working conditions in American factories inspire
Workers staged strikes demanding better conditions, hours, and pay. A political party, the Workingman’s Party, called for higher wages, a 10-hour workday, the abolition of child labor and imprisonment for debt.
Horace Mann believed teachers need to be well trained in??
Teachers needed to be well trained in reading, writing and arithmetic, as well as morality and the "Common Truths" of Christianity.
What awakened the most bitter anti-Catholic feelings in America?
The mass immigration of the Irish because many protestant dirty, uncouth and Catholic. They also feared the Irish would takee their jobs and overthrow America's free political institutions.
Why did most immigrants to the U.S. settle in the North rather than the South?
In the South the had to compete with slave labor for work.
How was the economy of the South alike and different from the economy of the North?
The economy of the South was almost entirely agrarian, while the economy of the North was agrarian but growing increasingly industrial.
What did Francis Cabot Lowell and Nathan Appleton do?
Lowell and Appleton lead efforts to reform working conditions in American factories.
Why did Catholics oppose the "Common School" movement?
Because they questioned who would determine what the "Common Truths" were and they did not want non Catholics teaching Catholic students non-Catholic religious doctrine or be subjected to anti-Catholic ideas and bigotry.
Why did Irish immigration to the U.S. increase drastically in the 1840's?
Because of the failure of the Irish potato crop, which drove tens of thousands of people from Ireland.